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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Corpus Delecti |
body of the offense |
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3 main parts to I.D a crime |
Criminal Action criminal intent harm or loss |
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Actus Reus |
Criminal Action |
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Mens Rea |
guilty mind / intent |
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factors that play into becoming a victim of crime |
Age - 20 - 24 Ethnicity Gender - men more likely to be victims w/ exception of sexual crimes Income - lower income more vulnerable lifestyle choices. |
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Two main categories of crime |
violent crime property crime |
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breakdown of murder |
first degree - premeditated second degree - intentional, but unplanned voluntary manslaughter - homicide in (heat of passion) involuntary manslaughter - accidental homicide vehicular manslaughter- killing someone with a motor vehicle |
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Criminal court |
only government can bring charges society is victim of crime can lock up defendant prosecutors are not bound by the victims request |
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Civil Court |
government not involved a Lack of incarceration |
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Standards of proof |
Beyond a resonable doubt 95% - criminal probable cause 51% - criminal Preponderance of evidence 51% - civil resonable grounds for suspicion - 30% - primarily criminal |
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two major philosophies |
Classical School of thought Positivist school of thought |
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Determinism |
people commit crimes becasue they are not completely in control of themselves |
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Atavism |
people don't have free will, but are driven by evolutionary factors in their background |
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Body types |
William Sheldon 1949 3 different body types ecto, endo, mesomorphs mesomorphs are deemed most dangerous |
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genetic influence |
crime was commited becasue perpitrator had a genetically inherited trait for crime. |
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Chromosonal |
some people were born with an extra y chromosome that will produce higher levels of testosterone. |
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Psychological theory |
psycological trauma increases criminality |
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social disorganization |
negative influence from environment |
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strain theory |
developed in 1930's believed that the american culture makes people want to succeed when they cant they turn to crime |
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Status and acceptance |
lower class individuals unable to reach a certain status will turn to crime to obtain it |
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differential association |
people learn crime from their peers or people they associate with |
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social boding / control |
people commit crimes from the feeling of being excluded from society |
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labeling theory |
people become criminals they are convinced they are criminals self - fulfilling prophecy |
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Conflict |
people who commit crimes feel like they don't have any personal power look to gain power through other means |
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general theory of crime |
people commit crimes becasue they were never taught boundaries by their authority figures |
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Dual taxonomy |
Life - course persistent: kids show a lack of skills and turn to crime to make up for it Adolescent limited: kids that get into trouble but get on the right track |
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Uniform crime reporting system (Ucrs) |
17,500 agencies involved hierarchy of crime |
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NAtional incident Based reporting system (NIbrs) |
avoids hierarchy of crime but it is very pricey |
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self reporting |
Austin Porterfield - 1946 helps compile stats on victimless crimes can be unreliable |
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Victim reporting |
1992 national crime victimization survey (NCVS) directly from the victim but details can be skewed also quite expensive |
