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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Role/Role Expectation/Role Conflict |
Role: the rights and responsibilitiesassociated with a particular position in society Role Expectation: the behavior and actions thatpeople expect from a person in a particular role Role Conflict: the psychological stress andfrustration that results from trying to perform two or more incompatibleresponsibilities |
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The role of the police |
Not everyone views the role ofthe police in the same way. The majority of perspectivesconsider that the police: Arecommunity leaders in public safety Possessbroad discretion Solvesociological and technological problems for people on a short-term basis Occasionallyserve in a hostile or dangerous environment |
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What are the characteristics of police work? |
Quickdecision-making Workingindependently “Dirtywork” Danger |
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operational styles |
After police officers are trainedand begin to gain experience, it is believed they develop operationalstyles. If these styles actually exist,it means a department has not been successful in its effort to systematicallytrain and deploy officers with the same philosophy and practical approach. |
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What are the types of operational styles? |
Research shows that the police donot have a monolithic culture and that police officers in the same departmentcan possess significantly different attitudes toward their work. James Q. Wilson finds threestyles: Legalistic:an emphasis on violations of law, and the use of threats or actual arrests tosolve disputes Watchman:an emphasis on informal means of resolving disputes and problems in thecommunity Service:an emphasis on helping the community, as opposed to enforcing the law |
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What are the types of patrolling? |
Preventative Patrol: Patrolling the streets withlittle direction Alsoknown as random patrol Betweenresponses to radio calls, officers are “systematically unsystematic” andobservant in an attempt to both prevent and find crime. Might befoot patrols Directive Patrol: Patrollingunder guidance or orders on how to use patrol time Usuallyaided by crime mapping using Geographic Information Systems Aggressive Patrol: the practice of having an entire patrol section make numerous traffic stops andfield interrogationsUPڅ |
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patrol |
“Backbone of the Department” The most time-consuming andresource-intensive task officers undertake. Duties include: Respondingto burglar alarms and radio calls Investigatingtraffic accidents Caringfor injured people Tryingto resolve domestic disputes |
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What is field interrogation |
ties in with aggressive patrol, which is the practice of having anentire patrol section make numerous traffic stops and field interrogations Fieldinterrogation: atemporary detention in which officers stop and question pedestrians and motorists they find in suspicious circumstances(stops) Strategy has drawbacks: Innocentcitizen are inconvenienced by random traffic stops and field interrogations. Howto motivate officers to use aggressive tactics vs. law enforcement |
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define investigation |
Many forms of investigation inany police department, from hit-and-run accidents, to undercover viceinvestigations, to background checks on potential police officers. Detectivesare small part of police force. Alawful search for people and things to reconstruct the circumstances of anillegal act Apprehendingor determining the guilty party Aidingin the state’sprosecution of the offender Two parts: Preliminaryinvestigation: usually by patrol officers (except in the case of homicides, orother complex investigations) Follow-upinvestigation: usually by plainclothes detectives |
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What are the investigative functions? |
Locatewitnesses and suspects Arrestcriminals Collect,preserve, and analyze evidence Interviewwitnesses Interrogatesuspects Write reports Recover stolen property Seize contrabandS Prepare cases and testify in court |
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DNA Profiling |
DNA profiling can identify asuspect or victim’sunique genetic profile from blood, hair, semen, or other bodily substances. DNA profiling is used for: Linkingor eliminating suspects to a crime Identifying“coldhits” by matching a sample from a crime scene to a database Clearingconvicted rapists and murderers |
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What is the CSI Effect? |
Argument that exaggeratedportrayal of forensic science on crime television shows such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigationinfluences public perception. |
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Cybercrime and cyber security |
Cybercrime is the use of computertechnology to commit crime Related losses total $10 billioneach year. Cybercrime can be very easy tocommit, particularly sex crimes and illegally accessing and destroying data. At present, most law enforcementagencies are ill-prepared to detect, investigate, and prosecute cybercriminals. |
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community policing |
Early policing followed professional model: Preventivepatrol Quickresponse Follow-upinvestigation Based on mutual trust Citizens share responsibility fortheir community’ssafety. Citizens and the police workcollectively to: Identifyproblems Proposesolutions Implementactions Evaluatethe results |
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"Broken Windows" theory |
“Brokenwindows” (James Q. Wilson and George Kelling)proposes that if the “signs of crime” are not taken care of, more serious andmore costly crime problems are likely to occur. |
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SARA |
Scanning—identifyingproblems Analysis—understandingunderlying problems Response—developingand implementing solutions Assessment—determiningthe solutions’effect and prosecute cybercriminals. |
