Criminal Justice Chapter 12

Front 1

Retribution

Back 1

Idea that those who do wrong should be punished alike, the gravity of the offense or to the extent to which others have been made to suffer ("an eye for an eye")

Front 2

Deterrence

Back 2

18th, 19th century. deter potential criminals by the example of sanctions laid on the guilty

Front 3

General Deterrence

Back 3

idea that the general population will be dissuaded from criminal behavior by observing that punishment will necessarily follow commission of a crime and that the pain will be greater than the benefits that may stem from the illegal act. Ex. public hanging

Front 4

Special Deterrence

Back 4

Concerned with changes in the behavior of the convicted. it is individualized in that the amount and kind of punishment are calculated to deter the criminal from repeating the offense.

Front 5

Incapacitation

Back 5

A crime may be prevented if criminals are physically restrained. Ex. prison, capital punishment

Front 6

Rehabilitation

Back 6

the offender should be treated and re-socialized while under the care of the state.

Front 7

Indeterminate Sentences

Back 7

Based on idea that correctional personnel must be given the discretion to make a release decision on the grounds of successful treatment, penal codes with indeterminate sentences stipulate a min and max amount of time to be served in prison.

Front 8

Determinate Sentences

Back 8

A convicted offender is given a specific length of time to be served and at the end of this term the prisoner is automatically freed. ( no parole board)

Front 9

Mandatory Sentences

Back 9

Stipulates some min period of incarceration that must be served by persons convicted of selected crime. No regard may be given to the circumstances of the offense or the background of the individual; the judge has no discretion and is not allowed to suspend the sentence.

Front 10

intermediate Sanction

Back 10

Punishments such as fines, home confinement, boot camp, etc.

Front 11

Probation

Back 11

Nearly 60% of adults under correctional supervision are on probation; designed as a means of simultaneously control and assisting offenders while permitting them to live in the community under supervision; if conditions violated, probation may be revoked and the sentence may be served in prison.

Front 12

_______ are overrepresented on death row.

Back 12

African Americans

Front 13

Jeremy Bentham

Back 13

leader of the 18th and 19th century utilitarians, found retribution to be pointless. Benthamites saw human behavior as governed by individual calculations about the degree of pleasure over pain to be derived from an act.

Front 14

Selective Incapacitation

Back 14

of great interest in recent years because of research suggesting that a relatively small number of offenders are responsible for a large number of violent and property crimes (e.g. burglars tend to commit many offenses before they are caught).

Front 15

Shock Probation

Back 15

in some jurisdictions the court is authorized to modify an offender's prison sentence after a portion is served by changing it to probation