Criminal Justice - Chapter 1

Front 1

Social Control

Back 1

Rules, habits, and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms

Front 2

Arrest

Back 2

When law enforcement detains and holds a criminal suspect or suspects.

Front 3

Socialization

Back 3

Process by which individuals acquire a personal identity and learn the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to their society.

Front 4

Crime

Back 4

Action taken by a person of a group of people that violates the rules of society to the point that someone is harmed it society's interests are harmed.

Front 5

Criminal Justice

Back 5

Social institution that has the mission of controlling crime by detecting, detaining, adjudicating and punishing and/or rehabilitating people who break the law.

Front 6

Sociological imagination

Back 6

The idea that we must look beyond the obvious to evaluate how our social location influences how we perceive society.

Front 7

Street Crime

Back 7

Small-scale person offenses such as single-victim homicide, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, and vandalism.

Front 8

Prison

Back 8

State or federal institution that confines people convicted of crime who are serving sentences for longer than a year.

Front 9

Probation

Back 9

Suspension of all or part of a sentence subject to certain conditions and supervision in the community.

Front 10

Appeal

Back 10

Written request to a higher court to modify or reverse the judgement of a trial court or intermediate-level appellate court.

Front 11

Sheriff

Back 11

Official of a county of parish who primarily carries out judicial duties.

Front 12

Bailiff

Back 12

Court officer responsible for executing writs and processes, making arrests, and keeping order in the court.

Front 13

Felony

Back 13

Offense punishable by a sentence of more than a year in state or federal prison and sometimes by death.

Front 14

Misdemeanor

Back 14

Minor criminal offense punishable by a fine and/or jail time for up to one year.

Front 15

Sentence

Back 15

Punishment that a person convicted of a criminal offense is ordered by a judge to receive.

Front 16

Circuit

Back 16

District established within a state judicial system or the federal judicial system.

Front 17

White-collar crime

Back 17

Nonviolent criminal offense committed during the course of business for financial gain.

Front 18

War on drugs

Back 18

Governmental policy aimed at reducing the sale and use of illegal drugs.

Front 19

Discretion

Back 19

Power of a criminal justice official to make decisions on issues within legal guidelines.

Front 20

5 goals of Criminal Justice

Back 20

1. Deterrence

2. Incapacitation

3. Retribution

4. Rehabilitation

5. Restoration

Front 21

Deterrence

Back 21

Act or the threat of an act that inhibits it prevents another act.

Front 22

Retribution

Back 22

Punishment that is considered to be deserved.

Front 23

Rehabilitation

Back 23

Correcting the offenders behavior and giving him or her the skills and ability to survive in society without violating the law.

Front 24

Restorative Justice

Back 24

An alternate justice model that uses community programs to repair the harm done by offenders.