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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1. Who returns an indictment?
a) the prosecutor
b) the grand jury
c) the judge
d) the arresting police officer
B) The grand jury
Which of the following advocates would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights?

a) public-order advocates
b) crime-control advocates
c) due-process advocates
d) individual-rights advocates
D) Individual rights advocates.
When an offender receives a ___________ sentence, he or she serves one sentence after another is completed.

a) Concurrent
b) Delayed
c) Suspended
d) Consecutive
D) Consecutive
Which of the following advocates would support the interests of society over those of an individual?

a) consesus model advocates
b) due process advocates
c) public order advocates
d) individual rights advocates
c) public order advocates.
Which stage of the criminal justice process examines issues of fact and law for the purpose of reaching a judgement of conviction or acquittal of the defendant (s)?

a) first appearance
b) arrest
c) trial
d) sentencing
c) trial.
Which supreme court era is remembered for its concern with protecting the innocent against massive power of the state in criminal proceedings?

a) Warren Court
b) Burger Court
c) Rehnquist Court
d) Souter Court
A) Warren Court.
If a defendant waives her right to a jury trial, what type of trial will she have?

a) administrative
b) bench
c) peer
d) attorney
b) Bench.
A juvenile who steals a candy bar and states "No one was really hurt," is using which neutralization technique?

a) denial of victim
b) condemnation of the condemners
c) denial of responsibility
d) denial of injury
d) denial of injury.
All of the following theorists belong to the Sociological School except?

a) William Sheldon
b) Walter Miller
c) Robert Merton
d) Emile Durkheim
a) William Sheldon.
________________ theories challenge existing criminological perspectives to debunk them and work toward replacing them with concepts more applicable to the postmodern era.

a) Peacemaking
b) Deconstructionist
c) Feminist
d) Constitutive
b) deconstructionist.
Sheldon would classify a juvenile with soft roundness throughout the body, short tapering limbs, and small bones as a ________________.

a) ectomorph
b) endomorph
c) mesomorph
d) tyranomorph
b) endomorph.
Chaos theory, discourse analysis, and realist criminology are all examples of:

a) Phenomenological criminology
b) Feminist criminology
c) peacemaking
d) postmodern criminology
d) postmodern criminology.
Which of the following is not one of the six categories of children in the juvenile justice system?

a) uncontrollable children
b) delinquent children
c) dependent children
d) abused children
a) uncontrollable children.
Which supreme court decision held that juveniles do not have the constitutional right to a jury trial?

a) Breed v. Jones
b) In re Gault
c) Schall v. Martin
d) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
d) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania.
What is the name of the act that the federal government passed that resembled juvenile legislation in Illinois?

a) The Juvenile Court Act
b) The Juvenile Offender Detention Act
c) The National Juvenile Punishment Act
d) The Juvenile Delinquent Act
a) The Juvenile Court Act.
What category of children in the juvenile justice system includes children who are emotionally abused?

a) abused children
b) neglected children
c) undisciplined children
d) delinquent children
a) abused children
Children who violate the criminal law are considered to be?

a) neglected
b) delinquent
c) undisciplined
d) dependent
b) delinquent.
The National Survey Act of 1947

a) outlawed electronic surveillance
b) created the CIA
c) merged the missions of the CIA and the FBI
d) created the National Survey Agency
b) created the CIA
Which model places emphasis on individual rights?

a) the Consesus Model
b) the Crime Control Model
c) the Conflict Model
d) The Due Process Model
d) The Due Process Model.
The Federal Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978

a) place an end to human intelligence gathering
b) mandated that all major U.S. foreign intelligence gathering agencies be placed under the supervision of the Senate Select Subcommittee on Intelligence (SSSI)
c) was placed on the heals of major national scandals involving the CIA and the FBI
d) Both A and C
c) was passed on the heals of major national scandals involving the CIA and FBI.
One of the answers below includes incorrect information concerning the provisions of the Illinois Juvenile Act of 1899. Which one is it?

a) elimination of adversarial courtroom tactics and a new or less intimidating legalistic vocabulary
b) specially appointed juvenile court judges and active intervention in the lives of troubled youths
c) elimination of waives to adult court and limited acceptance of Hebeas Corpus writs in juvenile justice proceedings.
d) diagnosis and treatment of delinquents and an orientation toward a causal model (what caused a youth to go bad)
c) elimination of waives to adult court and limited acceptance of Hebeas Corpus writs in juvenile justice proceedings.
According to John Rawls justice is?

a) fairness
b) blind
c) impossible
d) equality
a) fairness
John Rawls has argued that justice:

a) implies both agreement and advantage
b) means liberty, equality, and reward for contributing to the common good
c) cannot be distributed fairly because of the arbitrary and capricious manner of humankind
d) A and B
d) A and B
Frederick Thrasher argued that gangs form (from Youth Gangs):

a) on the basis of territory
b) spontaneously
c) around racial and ethnic lines
d) differently in rural as opposed to urban areas
b) spontaneously.
According to Walter Miller a gang

a) is a group of recurrently associating individuals
b) is a social group
c) is almost always comprised of adult members
d) all of the above
a) is a group of recurrently associating individuals
The table from Young Gangs by Beth Bjerregaad includes which of the following elements:

a) city or community size
b) age of gang members
c) criminal activity
d) b and c
c) criminal activity.
Maxson, et al. concluded the two critical variables distinguishing gang from nongang homicides are

a) race and gender
b) race and socioeconomic status
c) setting and homicides being associated with other offenses
d) age of gang members and school variables
d)
c) setting and homicides being assciated with other offenses
In the US there are about __________ gangs?

a) 5,000-10,000
b) 23,000-30,000
c) 50,000-75,000
d) none of the above
b) 23,000-30,000
In Youth Gangs the general conclusion reported about youth gangs, drugs and violence is:

a) education meditates the connection reported about youth gangs, drugs and violence
b) drug use and trafficking is the major cause of violence committed by youth gangs
c) youth gang members rarely use or traffic in drugs
d) drugs are not a requirement for violence by youth gangs
d) drugs are not a requirement for violence by youth gangs
The trends in overall rates of violence in the United States

a) decreased in the 1990's
b) increased in the 1990's
c) have declined steadily since 2000
d) none of the above
a) decreased in the 1990's.
Lizzotte, et al. have concluded that gang members

a) do not use gungs
b) are less likely to carry guns than nongang members
c) carry guns more than nongang members
d) posses firearms at the same rate as nongang members
c) carry guns more than nongang members
The conflict model assumes that the criminal justice system's subcomponents function primarily to serve their own interests T/F?
True
An indictment is a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense T/F?
True.
A concurrent sentence is one that consists of two or more sentences that have been imposed simultaneously after conviction for more than one offense, and that are to be served at the same time T/F?
True.
A trial is the examination of the issues of fact and law in a case for the purpose of reaching a judgement of conviction or acquittal of the defendant T/F?
True.
Public order advocates believe the interests of society take precedence over individual rights T/F?
True.
Jeremy Bentham devised the hedonistic calculus T/F?
True.
Psychobiological theories tend to suggest modifying body chemistry in order to produce desirable behavioral changes T/F?
True.
Social ecology theory views social disorganization as the main cause of delinquency T/F?
True.
Teen suicide rates have only increased slightly since the 1960's T/F?
False.
Perens patriae means acting in the best interests of the child T/F?
True.
The two types of Deconstructionsim are Affirmative and Skeptical T/F?
Ture.
Peacemaking criminology advocates the working together of citizens and crime control agencies to reduce crime T/F?
True.
In the book Youth Gangs it was reported by Thornberry that former gang members were unlikely to posses firearms T/F?
False.
What is stage 6 of the juvenile just system?
transfer or waiver
What is stage 7 of the juvenile just system?
adjudication hearing
What is stage 8 of the juvenile just system?
disposition hearing
What is the significance of adjudication hearings in juveniles?
It is the fact finding process by which the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition.
What is the significance of disposition hearings in juveniles?
It is the final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles in which a decision is made on the form of treatment or penalty that should be imposed on the child.
Reasons for referral to juvenile court.
Offense seriousnes, circumstances, repeated delinquencies, lack of cooperation, probation violation, gang affiliations, educational issues, drug/alcohol abuse, bad attitudes, gut feeling of trouble.
What is the UCR?
The uniform crime report-non random sample of crime and criminals, annual, covers 98% of police jurisdictions, focus on known crime, police activities, and policy, highly innacurate b/c of hidden crime.
What is official crime reporting?
Crime is counted and logged by the government.
What is unofficial crime reporting?
Crime is counted and logged by social scientists.
What is UCVS?
National crime victimization survey- random sample, annually done, focus on 7 crimes and victim data and offender data.
How many crimes are reported by NCVS yearly?
8.1 Million
How many crimes are reported by UCR yearly?
1.5 Million.
What is the crime awareness act of 1990?
It changed the ways in which crime was reported, requires that all college campuses must report their crime stats in order to receive funding.
What are the major results of the national violence against women survey?
52% of women said they had be abused-it is widespread, 1.9 million abused a year, AA and Alaskan women were most likely to report rape while Asian and Pacific Islanders were the least likely to report rape, women are more likely to be injured during an assault etc.
What happens to criminal victimization over time?
It declines with age.
Elderly people are most likely to be victims of?
Property crime, face armed offenders, be victimized by strangers and in daylight, report to the police, and be physically injured.
What is the definition of crime index?
A tool for the geographic, and historical comparisons of crime rates.
What is the definition of clearance rate?
A traditional measure of investigative effictiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes solved through arrest or other means.
What is the definition of property crime?
A UCR/NIBRS sumary offense category that includes burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
What is the definition of violent crime?
A UCR/NIBRS summary offense category that includes murder, rape, robbery, and aggrevated assault.
What is the definition of Part 1 offenses?
A UCR/NIBRS offense group used to report murder, rape, robbery, aggrevated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
What is the definition of Part 2 offenses?
A UCR/NIBRS offense group used to report arrests for less serious offenses. Agencies are limited to reporting only arrest info for part 2 offenses except for simple assault.
What is the definition of forcible rape?
The knowledge of a female forcibly raped against her will.
What is the definition of date rape?
Sexual intercourse acheived without consent
What is the definition of assault?
An unlawful attack by one person on another.
What is aggrevated assault?
The unlawful, intentional inflicting of serious injury upon another person.
What is the definition of larceny?
The unlawful taking of property from a person.
What is the definition of the dark figure of crime?
Crime that is not reported to the police and that remains unknown to officials.
What is the definition of crime typology?
A classification of crimes along a particular dimension, such as legal categories, offfender motivation, victim behavior, or the characteristics of individual offenders.
What is the definition of stalking?
Reported harrassing, and threatening behavior of an individual by another.
What is the definition of hate crimes?
A criminal offense committed against a person, property or society that is motivated by the offenders bias against a race, religion, disability, sex, ethnicity etc.