Criminal Justice

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Retribution

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effort to ensure offender’s punishment

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Vengeance

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desire to punish criminals because society

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Incapacitation

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the removal of dangerous persons from the community

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Deterrence

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prevention of criminal acts

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Rehabilitation

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people who commit crimes have identifiable reasons for doing so

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Indeterminate sentence

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has a fixed minimum and maximum sentence

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In Gregg v Georgia

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the court required the judge or jury to consider mitigating or aggravating circumstances

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In Gregg v Georgia, the court required the judge or jury to consider:

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The murder was committed during the course of a rape, armed robbery, kidnapping, burglary, or arson

The defendant committed a grave risk of death to more than one person

The defendant killed for profit

The victim was an officer of the court, firefighter, officer, correctional officer in the performance of his or her duties

The person directed another person to kill as his or her agent

The defendant was a prison escapee

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Determinate sentencing

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Fixed, flat, or straight sentence

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Bell v Wolfish

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Searches of body cavities , cells and other conditions

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Will v Michigan Department of State Police:

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ruled that states are not persons who can be sued under a Section 1983 suit.

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Ex parte Hull

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case involved a state prison regulation

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Brown v. Plata

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Found overcrowding in California correctional facilities

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Procunier v. Martinez

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The Supreme Court held that prison-mail censorship

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Prison Litigation Reform Act

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precludes inmates from initiating frivolous law suits and has four essential parts

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Writ of Habeas Corpus

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method of challenging prison conditions.

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Injunction relief

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is a court order directing prison officials to improve conditions

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Solitary confinement

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separation of an inmate from the general population in a small uncomfortable cell

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How many volts in an electric chair? How many times they do it?

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2,000 and 2

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Definite sentences

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is a fixed period with no reduction by parole

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Mandatory sentences

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limit the judicial and jury discretion

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Presumptive fixed sentence

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limits the judicial discretion without totally eliminating it

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Five types of pleas

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1) not guilty, 2) guilty, 3) standing mute, 4) nolo contendere, and 5) not guilty by reason of insanity

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Voir Dire

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(to speak the truth) is an oath sworn by a prospective juror

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Two types of challenges

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Challenge for cause and Peremptory challenge

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Challenge for cause:

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is a sound legal reason to remove a juror.

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Peremptory challenge

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is an objection to a prospective juror for which no reason must be assigned

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Classification

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prisoners are assigned to types of custody and treatment

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Aryan Brotherhood from

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San Quentin 1967

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Black Guerrilla Family (BGF)

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San Quentin 1966

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La Nuestra Familia (NF)

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Los Angeles 1950s

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Texas Syndicate enemies

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Aryan Brotherhood, EME ,NF

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Community Base corrections

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Correction strategies that take place within the community

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Probation

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Sentence of a conditional release to the community

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Uniform Crime Report UCR

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A statistical reports generated by data gather from City County and state law enforcement agencies

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Felony Murder Doctrine

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Maintain that any death resulting from the commission of or attempt to commit the crime of arson larceny rape or robbery

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Most relevant gang in America

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MS13

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Diversion

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The removal of offenders from the criminal law any stage of the police and court process

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5 types of searches

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Inventory, Exigent

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Fruit of the poisonous tree

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Evidence obtain illegally

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What type of gas in a gas chamber?

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Cyanide

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1) Before inmates can file a law suit, they must try to resolve their complaint through the prison’s grievance procedure, 2) all prisoners must pay court filing fees in full. If the inmate is indigent, the inmate must pay a minimum of 20% up front, 3) each lawsuit or appeal that an inmate files that is dismissed, frivolous, malicious, or not stating a proper claim counts as a strike. After the inmate receives three strikes, the inmate cannot file another lawsuit, and 4) an inmate cannot file a law suit for emotional or physical injury