Criminal Investigation

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A highly personal and unreasoned distortion of judgment.

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Bias

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an act or omission forbidden by law and punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or even death

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Crime

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A fact or event that tends to incriminate a person in a crime

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Circumstantial evidence

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Person requesting an investigation or that action is taken, is often the victim of a crime

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Complainant

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Literally means the body or substance of the crime, in law the term refers to proof establishing that a crime has occurred; the necessary elements that constitute a crime.

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Corpus delicti

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Conditions that must occur for an act to be called a specific kind of crime.

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Elements of a Crime

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anything that helps establish the facts related to a crime

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evidence

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something known to be true

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fact

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one who receives and disposes of stolen property on a regular basis.

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fence

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on-the-scene identification of a suspect by the victim of or witness to a crime, conducted within minutes of the commission of a crime

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field identification

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an opinion or leaning adverse to anything without just grounds or before obtaining sufficient knowledge

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prejudice

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A criminal's characteristic method of operation

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Modus Operandi (MO)

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Proof of such a convincing character that you would be willing to rely and act upon it without hesitation in the most important of your own affairs. However, it does not mean an absolute certainty.

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Proof beyond a reasonable doubt

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Evidence that warrants a person of reasonable caution in the belief that a crime has been committed.

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Probable Cause

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a felling of ease and harmony in a contact or relationship between people

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Rapport

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The level of certainty a juror must have to find a defendant guilty of a crime. A real doubt, based upon reason and common sense after careful and impartial consideration of all the evidence, or lack of evidence, in a case

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Reasonable Doubt

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A legal narrative description of events related to a crime

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Statement

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a person considered to be directly or indirectly connected with a crime, either by overt act or by planning and/or directing it.

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suspect

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a person who saw a crime or some part of it being committed or who has relevant information

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witness

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the person injured by a crime

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victim

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Criminal Investigation tools are:

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Information
Instrumentation or forensic science
interviewing
law of arrest, search and seizure

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The ultimate goal of any criminal investigation is to determine, to the extent possible, the truth about how a crime occurred. The goals are

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- to determine if a crime has been committed
- to legally obtain information and evidence to identify the person(s) responsible for committing the crime
- to legally arrest the suspect(s)
to recover stolen property
- to present the best case possible to the prosecutor

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It is essential to prove the ____________ as well as the elements of the offense in order to bring the matter before a court to test the guilt or innocence of the accuse.

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corpus delicti

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________ includes all means by which an alleged fact, the truth of which is submitted to scrutiny, is established or disproved.

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Evidence

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Characteristics of a criminal investigator:

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Suspicious
Curious
Observant
Unbiased and unprejudiced
develops rapport

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Profit Motive
operate so as to minimize chances of observation
lack of witnesses
may be traced when stolen property is recovered
this type requires planning, direction, and operating skills
the type of property stolen may be an important clue
often work in conjunction with criminal receivers

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Thief

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___________ is defined as an individual who commits the crime or crimes of burglary, white collar crimes, larceny, vehicle theft, agricultural crimes and arson, all of which may result in heavy or lengthy sentences depending on the criminal history of the accused.

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Professional heavy criminal

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4 methods of gaining sexual access to a person:

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consent
pressure
force
drug-facilitated sexual assault

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Adult sex offenders generally fall into one of the following categories:

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opportunistic rapist
sadistic rapist
anger rapist
power rapist

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__________ is defined as an individual who has fantasies, urges or behaviors that involve illegal sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children

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Pedophilia

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most affected by violence; two dimensional thinking; usually able to say who did it and show what happened; usually unable to give a complete narrative of the incident

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3-6 year olds

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feel responsible; model dad's behavior toward mom; confused about parents; usually able to give a detailed account of the incident; usually unable to give exact date or understand why he/she is not to blame

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6-11 year olds

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dark blue discoloration observable on the parts of the body that are nearest to the ground. appears about two hours subsequent to death

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Post mortem lividity