Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is social structure? |
The pattern of social organization and
The interrelationship among society's institutions |
|
|
What is social process? |
Interaction between and among social institutions, groups and individuals |
|
|
What are three sociological explanations of crime? |
Crime results from an individual's location within the social structure
Crime is the end product of various social processes, especially inappropriate socialization and social learning
Crime is the product of class struggle |
|
|
What are the major principles of the social structure perspective? |
Explains crime by reference to economic and social arrangements in society Emphasizes on the relationship among social institutions Describes the type of behavior that tend to characterize groups of people rather than individuals |
|
|
What are the three major types of social structure theories? |
Social disorganization Theory Strain theory Culture conflict theory |
|
|
What is social disorganization Theory? |
Social change, social conflict, and lack of social consensus Is the root cause of crime and deviance
Sees society as a kind of organism and crime and deviance as a kind of disease or social pathology |
|
|
What is ecology Theory? |
Emphasizes the demographics and the Geographics
And sees the social disorganization that characterizes delinquency areas As a major cause of criminality and victimization |
|
|
What is social ecology? |
Attempts to link the structure and organization of a human community
To interactions with its localized environment |
|
|
What is The Chicago School? |
A study of social change and disorganization They viewed cities having five concentric zones Each with unique characteristics and populations |
|
|
What are the five zones of The Chicago School? |
1) the loop: retail businesses and light Manufacturing
2) Zone in transition: recent immigrant groups, deteriorated buildings, ghetto
3) Zone of working-class homes: 2nd immigrant settlement
4) residential zones: middle class citizens with single family homes
5) commuter zones: the suburbs |
|
|
What is criminology of place? |
Emphasizes the importance of geographic location and architectural features In terms of prevalence of criminal victimization Build on the contributions of routine activities Theory and situational crime prevention |
|
|
What is strain theory? |
An approach that assumes a separation
Between socially and subculturally sanctioned means and goals
As the cause of criminal Behavior |
|
|
What is strain theories prospective on crime? |
Crime is adaptive, problem solving Behavior in response to problems involving frustrating and undesirable social environments
Modes of adaptation: Conformity Innovation Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion |
|
|
What is an anomie? |
The social condition in which Norms are uncertain or lacking |
|
|
What is general strain theory? |
Criminal Behavior is a coping mechanism
To deal with the socio-emotional problems generated by negative social relations |
|
|
What are factors that influence whether someone will react to strain with crime |
Temperament Intelligence Interpersonal skills Self-efficacy Association of criminal peers and conventional social support |
|
|
What is culture conflict theory? |
The root cause of criminality is a clash of values
Between various social groups over what is acceptable or proper behavior |
|
|
What are the two types of culture conflict? |
Primary conflict: fundamental Clash of culture
Secondary conflict: clash of smaller cultures, within the primary culture |
|
|
What is subcultural theory? |
Emphasizes the contribution made by various Socialize cultural groups to crime |
|
|
What is reaction formation? |
The process where a person openly rejects What he or she wants or aspires to but cannot obtain or achieve I.e. rejecting things one cannot get or achieve |
|
|
What is differential opportunity Theory? |
There are two types of socially constructed opportunities for success
Legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structures |
|
|
What is violence subcultures? |
Violence is a learned form of adaptation to certain problematic life circumstances For participants, violence can be a way of life |
|
|
What are gangs like today? |
11,000 gang members in Canada Primarily males and half are < 17 Increased Gang Related violence and involvement in drugs |
|
|
What are the policy implications of social structure theories? |
The Chicago area project attempted to reduce social disorganization in slum neighborhoods
3 broad objectives: - Improve physical appearance of neighborhood - provide recreational opportunities for youth - involved members directly in the lives of troubled youth |
