Crim 475 7-10

Front 1

What is ELF?

Back 1

Earth Liberation Front

Front 2

What is ALF?

Back 2

Animal Liberation Front

Front 3

What is ELF's parent organization?

Back 3

Earth First

Front 4

What are the core goals of ELF?

Back 4

a. To cause maximum economic damage to targets perceived to be profiting fromdestruction of the environment, educate the public about such atrocities, and instill fear in targets and otherlike entities.

b. To cause as much economicdamage as possible to a given entity that is profiting off the destruction ofthe natural environment for selfish greed and profit

c. To educate the publicabout the atrocities committed against the environment and to take allNECESSARY precaution to avoid harming life.

Front 5

How does ELF describe itself?

Back 5

An international underground organization that usesdirect action in the form of economic sabotage to stop the exploitation anddestruction of the natural environment.

Front 6

What is a Special-Interest Intelligence Group?

Back 6

A group that forcibly seeks to resolve the specificissue of perceived environmental harm rather than effect widespread politicalchange.

Front 7

Most ELF members are...

Back 7

a. Educated teenagers or young adults from themiddle class.

b. Nearly all have a known history ofenvironmental activism.

Front 8

What is the primary modeof attack for domestic terrorists?

Back 8

Arson

Front 9

Who or what is SHAC?

Back 9

Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC)

Front 10

What does the acronym "PETA" stand for?

Back 10

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

Front 11

Who/what is ARM?

Back 11

Animal Rights Militia

Front 12

How many attacks havebeen committed by Domestic Terrorists since 1990?

Back 12

1200

Front 13

What is Green Anarchy?

Back 13

A concern with theeffects of civilization on the global environment.

Front 14

What is the general precept of Green Anarchy?

Back 14

NOT that civilizationneeds to be reconstructed, but rather that it needs to be overthrown in itsentirety and never replaced.

Front 15

Whatis a new tactic for the animal rights movement?aced.

Back 15

Flooding

Front 16

What was the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act(AETA) intended to accomplish?

Back 16

a. Strengthen protection for animal researchers.

Front 17

What was Walter Bond’s “Nom de guerre”?

Back 17

ALF Lone Wolf

Front 18

Louis Beam identified two tiers of Leaderless resistance; They are?

Back 18

First tier: Adheres to the laws of the land and serve as the above ground propaganda service for the Cause.

Second tier: Composed of anonymous individual (lone wolves) and small group of activists (phantom cells) who are responsible for conducting attacks – “direct action”

Front 19

Three general characteristics of ELF/ALF personnel are?

Back 19

1) Intentionally nebulous and promote leaderless resistance,

2) Transient and nomadic

3) Activists tend to be young Caucasians

Front 20

What was not a target of ELF’s first operation onColumbus Day (October 14th), 1996

Back 20

Genetically engineered tree farm

Front 21

True orFalse: ELF targets have always beenproperty?

Back 21

True

Front 22

True or False: ELF is a global movement with cells active inmore than twenty countries.

Back 22

True

Front 23

What is a deep ecology? (biocentrism)

Back 23

Abelief that all living entities, human and non-human, have equal worth andvalue and an inherent right to exist and prosper

Front 24

20.) The Earth Liberation Front can best be definedas?

Back 24

Anti-capitalist

Front 25

20.) How many periodicals regularly published in theUS document and promote ELF sympathies?

Back 25

Eight

Front 26

What four reasons do terrorist networks need a failed state?

Back 26

1. Providethe opportunity to acquire territory on a scale much larger than a collection of scattered safehouses.

2. Acquirede facto control.

3. Allowsgroups to develop business interests and generate income.

4. Transshipmentpoints-can legitimately purchase weaponry.

Front 27

What arethe four main categories of sanctions resulting from a U.S. State Departmentdesignation of a nation being a State Sponsor of Terrorism?

Back 27

1. Restrictions on U.S. foreign assistance;

2. Ban on defense exports and sales;

3. Certain controls over exports of dual use items; and

4. Miscellaneous financial and other restrictions.

Front 28

Who arethe four countries identified as “state sponsors of terrorism” for the UnitedStates?

Back 28

1. Cuba (1982)

2. Iran (1984)

3. Syria (1979)

4. Sudan (1993)

Front 29

What arethe two main theories of international relations:

Back 29

1. Realism

2. Idealism

Front 30

True or False: If you believe in the Bismarck (Realpolitcs) style of international relations you are an Idealist?

Back 30

False

Front 31

Define "Irregular Warfare"

Back 31

A violent struggle among state andnon-state actors for legitimacy and influenceover the relevant population(s).

Front 32

True or False: the Islamic Republic of Iran has alwaysconsidered terrorism a legitimate tool of foreign policy?

Back 32

True

Front 33

Whatdoes Ommol-ghora translate into?

Back 33

The heart of the Islamic world

Front 34

What is the primary mission of the Republic of Iran?

Back 34

The establishment of anIslamic state worldwide and the conversion of allpeoples to its Islamic ideology.

Front 35

Whohave been the two Supreme Leaders during the entirety of the Islamic Republicof Iran?

Back 35

1. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

2. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei

Front 36

Whenwas the U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon attacked by a suicide bomber?

Back 36

1983

Front 37

True or False: Every attack, carried out by Iran’s proxieswas approved by Iran’s Supreme Leader?

Back 37

True

Front 38

Whenwas Imad Mughniyah finally killed?

Back 38

February, 2008

Front 39

Whowas finally prosecuted for the Bojinka plot (to bomb a dozen U.S. civilaircraft over the Pacific Ocean)

Back 39

Ramzi Yousef

Front 40

True orFalse: Iran has long been one of themost important and dangerous sponsors of terrorism in the world?

Back 40

True

Front 41

True orFalse: Terrorism has continued andremains an important foreign policy instrument for Iran in its confrontationwith its neighbors

Back 41

True

Front 42

What is not one of the strategic options thatIran uses terrorism for?

Back 42

Providing shelter and training

Front 43

What countries did Iran NOT attempt a terroristact in 2012

Back 43

Columbia

Front 44

Religiousmotivated terrorism is the Fourthwave in the evolution of terrorism. What were the first three?

Back 44

1. Breakup of empires

2. De-colonization

3. Anti-Westernism

Front 45

MarkJuergensmeyer identified three elements that Islamist, radical Christians, andother religious terrorists share, what are they?

Back 45

1. Perceive their objective as a defense of basic identity and dignity

2. Losing the struggle would be unthinkable 3. The struggle is in deadlock and cannot be won in real time or in real terms

Front 46

Cultural features among new international terrorists groups are?

Back 46

1. Concept of righteous “killing-as-healing”

2. Totalsocial destruction as part of a process of ultimate purification

3. Preoccupationwith weapons of mass destruction

4. Cultof personality where one leader dominates his followers who seek to become perfectclones.

Front 47

One of the majorconsequences of globalization has been?

Back 47

The deterioration of the power of the state

Front 48

What is not one of the organizations mentionedby Anthony Celso as examples of quazi – religious extremism?

Back 48

Aryan Nations

Front 49

What organization did Kaplan argue was thegenesis of the fifth wave of modern terrorism?

Back 49

Khmer Rouge

Front 50

What is not one of David Rapoports four waves ofterrorism?

Back 50

Cyber

Front 51

Name five of the seventeen distinctive qualities of fifth wave terrorism.

Back 51

a. A devolution from a preexisting terror wave

b. A “hopeful extreme idealismc. A physical withdraw into the hinterland

d. A desired aim to recreate a past “golden age” bybeginning the calendar anew

e. An intent to destroy the old world and create apure new society

f. An inability to compromise and the use of forceagainst internal dissidents

g. A belief in perfectibility f humans and thecreation of a new man

h. A quest for anew society leading to genocidalviolence

i. Violence as a way of group life

j. An emphasis on the subjugation of women andchildren

k. Recruitment of child soldiers an child brides

l. The use of rape as a terror tactic

m. A continuous cycle of violence engaged by the groupacross generation

n. A particularistic emphasis on racial purity andethno-tribal centrism

o. Pragmatic reliance on foreign allies to enhancegroups survival

p. Charismatic and authoritarian leadership

q. An apocalyptic world view buttressed by intensereligious commitment

Front 52

True orFalse: Arabic and Islamist animus towardKurds, Berbers, Coopts, Sudanese black Muslims reflect nostalgia for renewedrule over ethno-religious minorities.

Back 52

True

Front 53

Who developed the “el foci” insurgency theory?

Back 53

Che Guevara

Front 54

What are the three characteristics of a Black Swan Attack?

Back 54

a. Highimprobability

b. Highimpact

c. Explicableonly after the event

Front 55

True orFalse: Transnational terrorism willcontinue to be treated as an existential threat rather than a criminal activitybecause of the way in which human being confront low probability burpotentially large loss events.

Back 55

True

Front 56

Define the two types of thinking that DanielKhaneman discussed.

Back 56

a. Type 1 = Emotive, intuitive, non-reflective

b. Type 2 = Rational and calculating

Front 57

What are the two new directions that terrorshows every sign becoming more sophisticated?

Back 57

1. More funds to provide hypermodern devices to be “capitalists of death.”

2. Ability to operate easy remote control mechanisms and state-of-the-art communication

Front 58

What is the main advantage of Chemical weapons overbiological weapons?

Back 58

Chemical weapons are easier to produce.

Front 59

Since 1968 how many of the 8000 terrorist attackwere attempted to make use of chemical or biological weapons?

Back 59

60

Front 60

What are the most effective defenses against theterrorist threat to use mass destruction weapons?

Back 60

1. Good intelligence

2. Efficient procedures to control the entry of people in material

3. Means to respond effectively to incidents

Front 61

How many Tunisian citizens have fought in Syria?

Back 61

2560

Front 62

True orFalse: Rival jihadist groups seemed tofavor the younger, more vibrant ISIS supporters.

Back 62

True

Front 63

True orFalse: The preservation of public orderjustifies the dissolution of a political party calling to violence or praisingterrorism.

Back 63

True

Front 64

Whatarticle in The European convention on Human Rights (ECHR) prohibits torture?

Back 64

Article 3

Front 65

True or False? Anarchy was born from the philosophical beliefthat people could prosper without government, and that the lack of governmentauthority would result in equality and justice for all people.

Back 65

True

Front 66

Who wasthe most famous group to embrace illegalism?

Back 66

Bonnot Gang

Front 67

What is the key feature of the "Briggs Plan"?

Back 67

That the best way to defeat an insurgency was tocut the insurgents off from their supporters amongst the population.

Front 68

Theacronym “DIME” equates to instruments of national power. What does this acronym stand for?

Back 68

a. Diplomatic

b. Information

c. Military (force)

d. Economic

Front 69

What do the following words mean:

a. Jus ad Bellum

b. Jus in Bello

c. No maullum in se

Back 69

a. just cause for war

b. just, or lawful, acts in war

c. soldiers may not use weapons or other methods of warfare which are considered evil.

Front 70

What is the ultimate goal of a terrorist nationalideology?

Back 70

To achieve independence for the nation.

Front 71

What is an important component of deterrence?

Back 71

Theperception by the terrorist organization that the deterring state enjoys“intelligence dominance”

Front 72

Trueor False: A nationalist movement isusually rooted in the interests of its constituency host population?

Back 72

True

Front 73

What is not one of the main pillars of deterring terrorist organizations?

Back 73

Decreasing immigration pressures on the host population

Front 74

What is a surrogate terrorist organization?

Back 74

Terrorist organizations which are not separate from the state that supports them

Front 75

Define the term "Lawfare"

Back 75

The exploitationof real, perceived, or even orchestrated incidents of law-of-warviolations being employed as an unconventional means of confronting a superiormilitary power.

Front 76

What was not one of the reforms of the 2004Intelligence Reform and Terror Prevention Act (IRTPA)

Back 76

Authorized extraordinary techniques on high value detainees

Front 77

Whendid the National Security Act become law?

Back 77

1947

Front 78

When was the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act(FISA) passed?

Back 78

1978

Front 79

Whatdid the 2006 USA PATRIOT Re-Authorization and Improvement Act create?

Back 79

Created within the Department of Justice a National Security Division

Front 80

Howlong did the Protect America Act of 2007 last?

Back 80

195 days

Front 81

Whatdid the three updated elements of FISA Amendments Act of 2008 provide forNational security and law enforcement?

Back 81

1. Provided protection for corporations cooperating with the Federal government in compliance with FISA Warrants issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.

2. Served as a national security exception to the provisions of the general ban on wiretaps under Federal Criminal Law.

3. Authorized surveillance and collection against a U.S. person outside the United States, without a warrant (issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in accordance with the FISA), for up to one week.

Front 82

Howmany years did President Obama extended the provisions of the 2008 FISAAmendment Act?

Back 82

5 years

Front 83

True or False: Terrorist incidents doubled inthe second half of the1990’s?

Back 83

False

Front 84

What are two areas that we should focus on incounter-terrorism?

Back 84

1. LEO techniques

2. Military techniques

Front 85

What are the best two elements to build afoundation of international cooperation overtime?

Back 85

1. sustained military campaign

2. law enforcement

Front 86

Whenwas Osama bin Laden killed?

Back 86

May 2nd

Front 87

Whatwere the three major events in 1979 that profoundly upset relations between democratic nations and the Muslimworld?

Back 87

1. Revolution in Iran

2. Armed Muslim extremists set siege to theGrand Mosque to “cleanse” theholiest site in Islam

3. USSR Invaded Afghanistan

Front 88

What is fard ayn?

Back 88

Anindividual obligation – for all Muslims, rich or poor, to self-mobilizeand deploy as a warrior of God.

Front 89

Whofounded the Maktab al Khidamat (MAK), the Afghan Services Bureau?

Back 89

Abduallah Azzam

Front 90

Trueor False: Ayman al –Zawahiri wrote Milestones?

Back 90

False

Front 91

Whowas the greatest ideological and strategic thinker of greatest significance to Global Jihad?

Back 91

Brigadier S.K. Malik

Front 92

Accordingto Dr. Thomas Marks what are the two schools of insurgent thought?

Back 92

1. Focoist

2. People’s War school of insurgency

Front 93

According to Dr. Gorka what is notone of the four principles that should be used inthe U.S. Strategic re-evaluation?

Back 93

The United States Congress needs to provide the United States Intelligencecommunity the legal framework for enhanced interrogationtechniques.

Front 94

According to ourConstitution who is responsible for the conduct of War?

Back 94

The political branches

Front 95

Whostated: “Any kind of services necessaryto the public good becomes honorable by being necessary.”

Back 95

Captain Nathan Hale

Front 96

Whatreport recommended that “We must develop effective espionage andcounterespionage services…”?

Back 96

Doolittle Report on Communism

Front 97

True or False: The public should know about specific operations or sensitive sourcesand methods?

Back 97

False

Front 98

True or False: Congress and the Executivebranch should make the rules?

Back 98

True

Front 99

What four thing must an agency (or person) do with intelligence?

Back 99

1. Zealously collected

2. Meticulously analyzed

3. Rapidly disseminated

4. Efficaciously acted on