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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The defense for a person who feels he or she is in imminent danger and wards off an attack
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What is self defense |
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This rule states:at the time of committing the act, due to mental disease of the mind, the individual did not know what they were doing or did not know the act was wrong |
the m'nagten rule |
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the defense that is used when an individual is coerced byanother person |
duress |
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the defense that an individual was induced by the police to commit the criminal act |
entrapment |
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the defense used for individuals responsible for acts performed after involuntary drinking or partaking in some other substance |
intoxication |
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father of classical criminology |
cesare beccaria |
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jeremy bentham stated individuals do this to assess whether the pain will outweigh the pleasure |
hedonisitic calculus |
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the most good for the most people |
utilitarianism |
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the theory that describes a personal decision based on the evaluation of available information for that particular situation |
rational choice theory |
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theory that describes how crime is a product of three factors:motivated offender, suitable target, and a lack of capable guardian |
routine activities theory |
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part 1 offenses are also known as this |
index crimes |
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this rule states that only the most severe offense is reported |
hierarchy rule |
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the takin of property through the use of force or threat of force |
robbery |
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one of the four crimes against property that is considered the lowest inseverity by the FBI |
arson |
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in the ucr, the group of crimes that are only listed if their is an arrest |
part 2 crimes |
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the age range that the ncvs surveys |
12+ |
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what the ncvs is a nationally representative sample of |
households |
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one of the two part 1 crimes not surveyed about in the ncvs |
homicide or arson |
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the ncvs is an example of this type of data gathering |
victimization self-report |
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the amount of time each housing unit stays in the ncvs sample |
3 years |
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according to most studies, this race/ethnicity is most likely to commit crime |
african-american |
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thesex that commits the most crime |
males |
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lower levels of this predict higher levels of crime |
socioeconomic status |
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this age range disproportionately commits drastically more crime |
15-25 |
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the two best predictors of crime |
age and sex |
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the term for the amount of crime not reported |
dark figure of crime |
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the study of making of laws, breaking of laws, and societys reaction to breaking of laws |
criminology |
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model that expresses values of ruling class |
conflict model |
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latin for guilty act |
actus reus |
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term that states there must be a law that defines the specific action as a crime before the act was committed |
legality |
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term for when death or serious bodily harm was intended with awareness that there is no right to kill |
malice aforethought |
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term for a homicide that is committed without malice aforethought |
manslaughter |
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term for when a person dies during the commission of a felony, and that death constitutes a murder |
felony-murder rule |
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the degree of murder often associated with a lack of premeditiation and deliberation or a lack of willfullness |
second-degree murder |
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term for when ones impulsive or "heat-of-passion" act to murder is a result of the victims previous actions |
provocation |
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theory of positivism that an individual is criminal because of his or her environment |
sociological positivism |
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a term describing persons who are normal in all respects except that something is wrong with the part of their brain that regulates affective responses |
moral insanity |
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the man who theorized that people were born criminal |
cesare lombroso |
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physical features of an earlier evolutionary stage that theorists used to think indicated criminality |
atavistic stigma |
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a breakdown of social order as a result of a loss of standards and values |
Durkheim's concept of Anomie |
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the company featured in the video played during lecture about unsafe practices |
McWane Inc. |
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the governmental agecy that regulates the safety of workers |
OSHA |
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the types of crimes mcwane inc was committing |
occupational crimes |
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cases that are prosecuted in the name of the state |
criminal law |
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civil wrongdoing |
a tort |
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law which comprises the rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil lawsuit, criminal or administrative proceedings |
procedural law |
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Law the defines rights and duties, such as crimes and punishments in the criminal law and civil rights and responsibilites in civil law |
substantive law |
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amount of evidence needed by a plaintiff to win a civil trial (just enough evidence to make it more than likely not to be true) |
preponderance of evidence |
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self reports usually focus on these types of individuals |
juveniles |
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during the latest crime drop, official data shows female crime as becoming more prevalent but self-reports show this |
staying the same |
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self-report data show that these offenders begin their criminal career earlier than previously thought |
violent offenders |
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term for when an individual responds to a survey about an event from outside the survey window |
what is telescoping |
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two types of self report surveys |
offending and victimization |
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crimes that are illegal only because there is legislation stating it is illegal |
mala prohibita |
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it is a form official records that includes every incident committed during a crime |
National incident based reporting system NIBRS |
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term for not being able to be tried for the same crime twice |
double jeapordy |
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doctrine which has no retreat requirement reasonableness, requirement, or liability |
castle doctrine |
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leading cause of death for young black men |
homicide |
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another term for attempts; attempted crimes are criminal acts |
inchoate offenses |
