Crash Investigation

Front 1

Elements of a motor vehicle crash

Back 1

motor vehicle
unintentional or unstabilized event
motor vehicle must be in transport
must produce injury or damage

Front 2

Criminal mental culpable states relating to motor vehicle crashes

Back 2

reckless
criminal negligence

Front 3

CONDUCTING THE SKID TEST

Run the test on the _________ and ________ as the crash vehicle.

Back 3

same surface - same direction

Front 4

Crash factors are:

Back 4

Human
Vehicle
Environmental
Traffic Control
Roadway

Front 5

CONDUCTING THE SKID TEST

Measure all four tire marks if possible. If this is not possible because of overlapping, measure the two rear tire marks. Be sure to include the "_______" or impending skid mark. Use the ______________ as the distance of the skid.

Back 5

Shadow - longest tire mark

Front 6

CONDUCTING THE SKID TEST

Conduct a minimum of ____ tests.

Back 6

2

Front 7

CONDUCTING THE SKID TEST

If the length of the test skids do not agree within ____, when conducted at the same test speed, conduct additional test until the results of two test agree.

Back 7

10%

Front 8

CONDUCTING THE SKID TEST

If the test are not conducted at the same speed, the resulting calculated drag factors must agree within ____.

Back 8

5%

Front 9

A chart on which three or more scales are arranged so that a straight line drawn through values on any two will cross the third at a corresponding value; a graphic calculator

Back 9

Nomograph

Front 10

_______ is a percentage of the pull of gravity. it is the ratio of pounds of horizontal force that it takes to put a vertical force (weight) in motion.

Back 10

Drag Factor

Front 11

_______ is the degree of inclination of the center line area of a roadway as compared with the horizontal.

Back 11

Grade

Front 12

Grade is positive (+) if it ______ in a specific direction and negative (-) if it ____.

Back 12

rises - falls

Front 13

__________________ is the grade across a roadway, usually measured from the inside to the outside edges of a roadway

Back 13

Super-Elevation, or Bank

Front 14

Methods To Measure Grade

Back 14

Protractor/Angle
Carpenter's Level and Ruler
Clipboard and template

Front 15

Debris can be ______or _________.

Back 15

Liquid or solid

Front 16

Debris can be used to determine POI at ____ speed impacts

Back 16

Low

Front 17

______ is the vehicle's location on the roadway leading up to the POI

Back 17

Skid Marks

Front 18

_______ is the result form collision, (wheel locked or jammed during collision). Most commonly caused by sideways movement of a vehicle during collision.

Back 18

Scrub Marks

Front 19

________ indicate the location of the tire at the POI. Indicate the direction of the applied force that changed the direction of the vehicle.

Back 19

Off-set Marks

Front 20

_____ is a concave, chip-like cavity in the pavement caused by a metal protrusion. Edges of the cavity may have striations that can be measured and matched to the object that caused the cavity.

Back 20

Chip

Front 21

______ is a round, smooth walled cavity in the roadway surface and is usually caused by protruding bolts, broken rods, or similar round objects.

Back 21

Hole

Front 22

________ is a concave cavity in the pavement caused by a metal protrusion. Edges of the cavity may have striations that can be measured and matched to the object that caused the cavity.

Back 22

Gouge

Front 23

______ is a long, narrow indentation or furrow cut into the roadway surface, generally caused by a bolt or some similar type of protruding part on the vehicle.

Back 23

Groove

Front 24

________ individually is a long, narrow, superficial mark on a highway surface.

Back 24

Scratch

Front 25

_______ is a wide superficial mark or a wide, clean graze mark caused by a sharp or angular edge being passed over the highway surface.

Back 25

Scrape

Front 26

Skid marks are valuable as evidence and may be used to determine the ________ speed of a vehicle at the commencement of its skid.

Back 26

minimum

Front 27

__________ photograph a pristine crime or accident scene

Back 27

Always

Front 28

Measure Gap or Intermittent skid marks separately, including any impending skid mark, and ______ or ______ the spaces.

Back 28

Exclude - Discount

Front 29

Measure Skip Skid Marks as one continuous side mark, ______ or _______ the spaces.

Back 29

Include - Counting

Front 30

In order to calculate the speed of a vehicle in yaw, a chord and middle ordinate measurement should be taken of the approximate _________ of the leading outside yaw/scuff marks.

Back 30

1st 3rd

Front 31

__________ photograph a pristine crime or accident scene

Back 31

Always

Front 32

Measure Gap or Intermittent skid marks separately, including any impending skid mark, and ______ or ______ the spaces.

Back 32

Exclude - Discount

Front 33

__________ photograph a pristine crime or accident scene

Back 33

Always

Front 34

Measure Skip Skid Marks as one continuous side mark, ______ or _______ the spaces.

Back 34

Include - Counting

Front 35

In order to calculate the speed of a vehicle in yaw, a chord and middle ordinate measurement should be taken of the approximate _________ of the leading outside yaw/scuff marks.

Back 35

1st 3rd

Front 36

Measure Gap or Intermittent skid marks separately, including any impending skid mark, and ______ or ______ the spaces.

Back 36

Exclude - Discount

Front 37

Measure Skip Skid Marks as one continuous side mark, ______ or _______ the spaces.

Back 37

Include - Counting

Front 38

In order to calculate the speed of a vehicle in yaw, a chord and middle ordinate measurement should be taken of the approximate _________ of the leading outside yaw/scuff marks.

Back 38

1st 3rd

Front 39

_______ is a straight line that intersects the circle's circumference at two points. It cannot be longer than the diameter.

Back 39

Chord

Front 40

_______ is a straight line measured perpendicular from the chord's midpoint to the circumference of the circle.

Back 40

Middle Ordinate

Front 41

An intangible reference point ________ be connected to or identified with a permanent reference point.

Back 41

must always

Front 42

__________ is an unintended event or unstablized situation that produces injury or damage not directly resulting from a cataclysm

Back 42

Crash (Accident)

Front 43

__________ a track or depression worn in soft materials such as sand, dirt, mud ect.. by a ________

Back 43

Rut - rotating tire

Front 44

________ a track or depression worn in soft materials such as sand dirt mud, etc. by skidding or sideslipping tire

Back 44

Trenches or Furrows

Front 45

__________ occur when a locked wheel bounces on the roadway. The blank spaces between the skid marks are usually less than ________

Back 45

Skip Skids - 5 feet

Front 46

________ occure when locked wheels are released and re-locked through braking action. The blank spaces between the skid marks are usually ______

Back 46

Gap Skid - 10 feet or longer

Front 47

Skid Marks are tire marks caused by ________ tires that is ___________. May include tire grinding; pavement grinding; erasing

Back 47

Non-rotating - not free to rotate

Front 48

Scuff marks are tire marks caused by tires that is ___________

Back 48

rotating and side-slipping