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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
how many pairs of cranial nerves are there
12 pairs
cranial nerves are named for....
function and position
2 ways of indicating the # of each cranial nerve - per your employer or account
1-12 or I-XII
smell nerve; relay sensory impulses

of smell from the membranes of the nasal cavity. Damage to these nerves results in a loss of smell.
olfactory
vision nerve; sensory-only nerve that conducts impulses from the retina of the eye. It originates in the back of the eyeball, and damage to these nerves results in blindness.
optic
eyeball movement nerve; controls all movement of the eyeballs. It is primarily a motor nerve. It comes out of the midbrain and serves four of the six eye muscles, as well as the muscle of the eyelid, the iris (which causes pupil dilation), and the ciliary body. Damage to these nerves can cause a droopy eyelid, constant dilated pupil, or the inability to rotate the eyeball.
oculomotor
ver small nerve, eyeball movement; This is a very small nerve, both sensory and motor, that innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
trochlear
chewing nerve; This is the largest of the cranial nerves. It is primarily sensory, but does send motor impulses to the muscles of mastication (chewing).
trigeminal
Extraocular movements, including eye opening; provides both motor and sensory innervation to the lateral rectus eye muscle. Damage to this nerve causes the eyeball to be pulled medially, and makes it unable to move laterally at all.
abducens
Facial movements and gustation (taste); This is a mixed nerve. The motor fibers innervate facial, scalp, and superficial neck muscles. The salivary glands are also innervated by this. The sensory fibers arise from the taste buds on the tongue. Damage to these nerves distorts taste perception, particularly with sweets, and causes the face to sag.
facial
Hearing and equilibrium; This is also called the acoustic nerve. It is a sensory nerve that arises within the inner ear. The vestibular branch controls equilibrium and balance, while the cochlear portion controls hearing. Damage to these nerves can cause deafness or dizziness and inability to maintain balance.
vestibulocochlear
acoustic nerve =
vestibucochlear nerve
Swallowing, elevation of the palate, gag reflex and gustation; This is a mixed nerve that innervates the tongue and pharynx. The sensory portion transmits impulses from the tonsils, salivary gland, and back third of the tongue. The motor fibers innervate the muscles of the pharynx that help with swallowing. Damage to these nerves would result in a loss of bitter and sour taste, or could cause difficulty swallowing.
glossopharyngeal
Swallowing, elevation of the palate, gag reflex and gustation; Voice and speech; This arises from the medulla and has both motor and sensory fibers that serve autonomic organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is associated with such functions as breathing, heartbeat, hunger pangs, and peristalsis. One of its branches supplies the larynx and controls speech. Damage to both of these nerves would result in death; damage to only one would affect speech and swallowing.
vagus
Shrugging the shoulders and turning the head; This is a motor nerve only. It innervates the muscles of the pharyngeal region as well as the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Damage to this nerve would make it difficult to rotate the head or shrug the shoulders.
accessory
Voice and speech; This supplies motor fibers to the muscles of the tongue. Damage would cause difficulty speaking, swallowing, or sticking out the tongue.
hypoglossal nerve
innervates thoracic and abdominal cavities
vagus nerve
sense of smell
olfactory nerve
hearing and equilibrium
vestibulocochlear nerve
controls all movement of eyeballs
oculomotor nerve
motor and sensory innervation to lateral rectus eye muscle
abducens nerve
arises from medulla
vagus nerve
autonomic organs of thoracic and abdominal cavities
vagus nerve
muscles of tongue (supplies motor fibers)
hypoglossal nerve
tongue and pharynx (innervates)
glossopharyngeal nerve
facial, scalp, and superficial neck muscles (motor fibers innervate)
facial nerve
salivary glands are also innervated by this
facial nerve
sensory fibers arise from taste buds
facial nerve
largest cranial nerve
trigeminal nerve
pharyngeal region muscles (innervates) as well as the sternocleiomastoid and trapezius muscles
accessory nerve
superior oblique (muscle of eye)
trochlear nerve