Cranial Nerves

Front 1

I. Olfactory

Back 1

Sensory = from olfactory epithelium of superior nasal cavity.

Front 2

II. Optic

Back 2

Sensory = from retina of eyes.

Front 3

III. Oculomotor

Back 3

Motor = to four eye movement muscles and levator palpebrae.

Parasympathetic = smooth muscle in eyeball.

Front 4

IV. Trochlear

Back 4

Motor = to one eye movement muscle, the superior oblique.

Front 5

V. Trigeminal
(Ophthalmic branch)
(Maxillary branch)
(Mandibular branch)

Back 5

Sensory = from forehead, eye, superior nasal cavity.

Sensory = from inferior nasal cavity, face, upper teeth, mucosa of superior mouth.
Sensory = from surfaces of jaw, lower teeth, mucosa of lower mouth, and anterior tongue.

Motor = To muscles of mastication.

Front 6

VI. Abducens

Back 6

Motor = to one eye movement muscle, the lateral rectus.

Front 7

VII. Facial

Back 7

Motor = to facial muscles of expression and cheek muscle, the buccinator.

Sensory = taste from anterior two thirds of tongue.

Front 8

VIII. Vestibulocochlear
(Vestibular branch)
(Cochlear branch)

Back 8

Sensory = from equilibrium sensory organ, the vestibular apparatus.

Sensory = from the auditory sensory organ, the cochlea.

Front 9

IX. Glossopharyngeal

Back 9

Sensory = from pharynx and posterior tongue, including taste.

Motor = to superior pharyngeal muscles. Swallowing!

Front 10

X. Vagus

Back 10

Sensory = from much of viscera of thorax and abdomen.

Motor = to larynx and middle and inferior pharyngeal muscles.

Parasynpathetic = heart, lungs, most of digestive system.

Front 11

XI. Accessory

Back 11

Motor = to several neck muscles, sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.

Front 12

XII. Hypoglossal

Back 12

Motor = to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue.