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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What nerve does the first pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Trigeminal nerve
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What nerve does the second pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Facial
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What nerve does the third pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Glossopharyngeal
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What nerve does the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Superior laryngeal branch of vagus
Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus |
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What muscles and skeletal structures does the first pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Mastication
Mylohyoid Anterior belly of digastric Tensor tympani Tensor veli palatini Bones: malleus, incus |
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What muscles and skeletal structures does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius Stylohyoid Posterior belly of digastric Bones: stapes, styloid process, cornu of hyoid bone, upper part of hyoid bone |
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What muscles and skeletal structures does the 3rd pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Stylopharyngeus
Bone: Greater cornu of hyoid bone, lower hyoid |
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What muscles and skeletal structures does the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch give rise to?
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Cricothyroid
Levator veli palatini Constrictors of pharynx Intrinsic muscles of larynx Striated muscles of esophagus Bones: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, coniculate, cunieform cartilage |
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What is the topographical origin of the olfactory nerve?
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Telencephalon
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What is the topographical origin of the optic nerve?
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Diencephalon
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What is the functional fiber type of the olfactory nerve?
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Special visceral afferent
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What is the functional fiber type of optic nerve?
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Special somatic afferent
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What is the topographical origin of the oculomotor and trochlear nerve?
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Mesencephalon - non branchial components
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What is the functional fiber type of the oculomotor nerve?
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Somatic efferent
Visceral efferent (parasympathetic) |
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What is the functional fiber type of trochlear nerve?
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Somatic efferent
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What is the topographical origin of the trigeminal, abducens and facial nerve?
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The pons
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What is the functional fiber type of the trigeminal nerve?
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Special visceral efferent (first branchial arch)
Somatic efferent |
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What is the functional fiber type of the trigeminal nerve?
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Somatic afferent
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What is the functional fiber type of the facial nerve?
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Special visceral efferent (2nd arch)
Special visceral afferent Visceral efferent (parasymp) Somatic afferent |
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What is the topographical origin of the vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves?
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Medulla oblongata
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What is the functional fiber type of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
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Special somatic afferent
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What is the functional fiber type of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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Special visceral efferent (3rd arch)
Special visceral afferent Visceral afferent (parasymp) Somatic afferent |
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What is the functional fiber type of the vagus nerve?
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Special visceral efferent (4th arch)
Special visceral afferent Visceral efferent (parasymp) Visceral afferent Somatic afferent |
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What is the functional fiber type of the accessory nerve?
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Special visceral efferent (5th arch)
Somatic efferent |
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What is the functional fiber type of the hypoglossal nerve?
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Somatic efferent
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What cranial nerves are parasympathetic?
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Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
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What occurs with the parasympathetic fibers that innervate the head?
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The oculomotor, facial, and glossopharyngeal travel with the trigeminal nerve branches.
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What vision crosses in the optic nerve?
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Temporal vision
Nasal vision stays ipsilateral |
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What extrinsic eye muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?
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Medial rectus
Superior rectus Inferior rectus Inferior oblique |
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What skeletal muscle does the oculomotor nerve innervate?
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Levator palperae superioris
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What is the parasympathetic innervation of the oculomotor nerve?
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Ciliary ganglion (preganglionic) to constrictor pupillae muscle, ciliary muscle (postganglionic)
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Where does the oculomotor nerve arise?
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Oculomotor nuclear complex in the midbrain
Leaves brainstem in the inerpeduncular fossa |
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What does the oculomotor nerve pass between?
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The posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery
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Where does the trochlear nerve arise?
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Dorsal aspect of the mesencephalon (midbrain)
Under the colliculi, and above the peduncles |
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What does the trochlear nerve innervate?
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Innervates the superior oblique muscle
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What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
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V1 – ophthalmic
V2 – maxillary V3 - mandibular |
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What is the motor innervation of the trigeminal nerve?
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Muscles of mastication
Tensor tympani muscle Tensor veli palatini muscle Anterior belly of digastric muscle Mylohyoid muscle |
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What is the sensory innervation of the opthalmic branch of the trigmeninal nerve?
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Eyes, conjunctiva, orbital contents, nasal cavity, frontal sinus, ethmoidal cells, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose, anterior scalp, anterior fossa dura, superior tentorum cerebelli, maxillary nerve
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What is the sensory innervation of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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middle fossa dura, nasopharynx, palate, nasal cavity, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, skin covering nose, lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip
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What is the sensory innervation of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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skin of lower face, cheek lower lip, anterior part of external ear, part of ext acoustic meatus, temporal fossa, anterior 2/3 tongue, lower teeth, mastoid air cells, mucous membranes of cheek, mandible, dura in middle cranial fossa
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Where does the trigeminal nerve arise?
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It comes out of the pons
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What are the branches of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
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Recurrent meningeal branch
Frontal --> Supra-orbital nerve Supratrochlear nerve Lacrimal nerve Communicating branch to zygomatic Nasocilliary --> Nasociliary root Posterior ethmoidal Anterior ethmoidal Infratrochlear nerve |
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What are the branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
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Meningeal branch
Posterior superior alveolar nerves Middle superior alveolar nerve Anterior superior alveolar branches Infraorbital nerve Zygomatic nerve |
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What is the parasympathetic ganglion associated with the opthalmic nerve?
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Ciliary ganglion
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What is the parasympathetic ganglion of the maxillary nerve?
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Pterygopalatine ganglion
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What are the branches of the mandibular portion of the trigeminal nerve?
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Meningeal branch
Deep temporal nerves Auriculotemporal nerve Massateric nerve Buccal nerve Pterygoid nerves Lingual nerve Inferior alveolar nerve Inferior dental branches Mental nerve |
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What parasympathetic ganglion is associated with the mandibular nerve?
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Otic ganglion
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What muscle does the abducens nerve innervate?
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Lateral rectus
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Where does the abducens nerve emerge?
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From the pontomedullary junction on the brainstem
It is the most medial of the nerves |
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What is the motor innervation of the facial nerve?
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Face and scalp muscles derived from the 2nd branchial arch (23 muscles)
Stapedius Posterior belly of digastric muscle Stylohyoid |
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What is the general sensory afferent of the intermediate nerve?
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External acoustic meatus
Deeper auricle |
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What does the intermediate nerve do?
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Carries the sensory afferents for taste
Also the parasympathetics General visceral efferent and sensory afferent. Gives part of the branch of the greater petrosal and part of the branch of the chorda tympani nerves. |
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What are the branches of the motor root of the facial nerve?
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Temporal
Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical (To Zanzibar By Motor Car) |
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What does the greater petrosal nerve innervate?
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Secremotor activity of the lacrimal gland, submandibular, sublingual salivary glands.
Glands in mucous membranes of nasal cavity Taste buds on hard and soft palate |
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What does the chorda tympanae branch of the facial nerve innervate?
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Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
Submandibular and sublingual glands. |
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Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic efferents of the facial nerve arise?
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Superior salivatory nucleus
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What is the path of the greater petrosal nerve?
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Emerges from geniculate ganglion --> through bone --> across foramen lacerum -->joins with deep petrosal nerve --> into pterygoid canal --> becomes nerve of pterygoid canal --> pterygopalatine ganglion
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What gland does motor branch of the facial nerve pass through?
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Parotid
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What is the path of the chorda tympanae nerve?
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Facial --> nerve to stapedius --> submandibular ganglion
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What is the attenuation reflex?
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40-80 milliseconds after exposure to loud sound: contraction of stapedius and tensor tympani muscle contraction.
Increases rigidity by tensing malleus and stapes to protect ear. |
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Where does the facial nerve arise?
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Between the pons and medulla, more lateral to abducens
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What are the two innervations of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
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Vestibular: balance, head position, movement
Cochlear: hearing |
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Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve arise?
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Ponto-medullary angle, lateral most nerve at this junction.
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Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve arise?
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Anterolateral surface of medulla (rootlets)
Posterior to the inferior olive |
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What special afferent does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?
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Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
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What general sensation does the glosopharyngeal nerve innervate?
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Posterior 1/3 of tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, mucosa of middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube
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What muscle does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?
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Stylopharyngeus muscle (3rd arch)
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What are the visceral afferent innervations of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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From carotid body, pharynx, middle ear
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What do the general visceral efferents travel on the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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From inferior salivatory nucleus via tympanic branch --> tympanic plexus --> lesser petrosal nerve --> otic gangion
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What is the afferent limb of the gag reflex?
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
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What is the efferent limb of the gag reflex?
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Vagus nerve
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Where do the postganglionics from the otic ganglion go?
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Parotid gland
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What are the special visceral afferent innervations of the vagus nerve?
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Taste around the epiglottis and palate
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What are the general visceral afferent innervations of the vagus nerve?
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Visceral sensation from the very posterior tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, heart, aorta, foregut, midgut
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What are the special visceral efferent innervations of the vagus nerve?
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Muscles from the 4th-6th pharyngeal arches
Motor = constrictor muscles of pharynx, intrinsic muscles of larynx, muscles of palate (not tensor veli palatini), one muscle of the tongue: palatoglossus |
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What are the general somatic afferent innervations of the vagus nerve?
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External auditory meatus (cleaning ear = gagging)
Dura of posterior fossa |
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What are the general visceral efferent innervations of the vagus nerve?
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Parasympathetic - smooth muscle and glands in thorax and abdomen
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Where does the vagus nerve arise?
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Posterior to the inferior olive, below the glossopharyngeal nerve
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What are the four branches of the vagus nerve in the neck?
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Pharyngeal
Superior laryngeal Recurrent laryngeal Cervical branches |
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What are the two roots of the accessory nerve?
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Cranial root (SVE)
Spinal root (GSE) |
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What is the innervation of the cranial root of the accessory nerve?
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Motor to striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx and larynx via fibers that join the vagus
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What is the innervation of the spinal root of the accessory nerve?
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Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
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What is the path of the accessory nerve?
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Rootlets from caudal part of medulla inferior to vagus --> combine with spinal roots coming up through the foramen magnum --> go into the jugular foramen --> cranial roots join vagus
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What is the innervation of the hypoglossal nerve?
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Motor only! NO sensory fibers
Muscles of tongue, extrinsic and intrinsic, except palatoglossus muscle |
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Where does the hypoglossal nerve arise?
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Anterior to the inferior olive
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What does the hypoglossal nerve pass superficial to?
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Occipital artery, internal and external carotid arteries.
After diving deep, hypoglossus muscle |
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What does the hypoglossal nerve travel deep to?
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Posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and stylohyoid.
After hypoglossus, dives deep to mylohyoid muscle |
