Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What type of drug is aspirin |
NSAID and anti-platelet which route is |
|
|
How is aspirin taken? |
Enteral
Small amount transmucosally if chewed |
|
|
What are the pharmacokinetics of aspirin? |
Absorbed into bloodstream via go tract Distributed via blood to tissues and targets platelets |
|
|
Where is aspirin metabolised? |
Liver and excreted by kidneys |
|
|
What medical emergencies can aspirin be used for name two? |
Myocardial infarction Severe angina attack |
|
|
Dose of aspirin needed to treat medical emergency emergency and how? |
300mg chewed |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin |
Anti-platelet activity occurs when it blocks synthesis of thromboxane A2(made by platelets) by inhibiting , COX 1.
Decreases platelet aggregation and allows smooth flow of blood preventing clots.
Anti inflammatory and analgesic properties minor in MI
|
|
|
What type of drug is adrenaline |
Sympathomimetic amine drug |
|
|
How is adrenaline packaged for Medical emergency? |
Epipen delivery or syringe and needle
Adult and child doses. |
|
|
What is route of admin for adrenaline? |
Parenteral/IM or IV paramedics |
|
|
What are pharmacokinetics of adrenaline |
Absorbed into bloodstream rapidly
Distributed widely to act on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors of smooth muscle |
|
|
What Med emergencies is adrenaline used for |
Anaphylaxis Severe asthma attack Cardiac arrest |
|
|
Dose required of adrenaline in syringe and needle form for Med emergency |
300mcg adults repeated after 15 minutes 150mcg child
|
|
|
Dose of adrenaline delivered in Epipen |
Adult. 500mcg IM Child 6-12 300mcg Child under 6 150mcg |
|
|
Mechanism of action of adrenaline? |
Activates alpha adrenoceptors causing vasoconstriction increasing peripheral resistance and bp
Activates beta adrenoreceptors causing increased heart rate and force of contraction |
|
|
What type of drug is glucagon? |
Synthetic hormone |
|
|
How is glucagon packaged or stored? |
Needle and syringe |
|
|
Route of admin for glucagon |
Parenteral subcutaneous |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics of glucagon |
Absorbed into bloodstream Distributed via blood to liver cells |
|
|
What Med emergency is glucagon used for? |
Hypoglycaemia (severe) patient lost consciousness or is losing consciousness. |
|
|
Dose of glucagon for med emergency |
1mg adult or child over 20kg 0.5mg for child under 20kg |
|
|
Mechanism of action for glucagon? |
Actions on liver cells by binding to glycogen receptors and causes conversion of glycogen into glucose. Also synthesises glucose from fats. |
|
|
What is the conversion of glycogen to glucose called? |
Glycogenolysis |
|
|
What is the conversion of fats to glucose called ? |
Gluconeogenesis |
|
|
What type of drug is midazolam |
Benzodiazepine |
|
|
Route is admin for midazolam |
Eneteral - transmucosal dropped in all four corners buccal sulcus as well as oral |
|
|
What med emergencies is midazolam used for |
Epileptic seizures only prolonged fits or unusually long for that patient.
Those in status epilepticus |
|
|
Dose required to treat med emergency with midazolam |
10 mg adults and child over 10 Children 5-10. 7.5mg Children 1-5. 5 mg |
|
|
Mechanism of action of midazolam |
Potentatiates the actions of gaba an inhibitory neurotransmitters in brain.
Neurones fire less frequently causing hypnotic effect anxiolytic effects and Enti epileptic effect required. |
|
|
What type of drug is GTN |
Anti-anginal |
|
|
Route of admin GTN |
Sublingual/transmucosal |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics of GTN |
Absorbed via mucosa onset 1-3mins Distributed widely to smooth muscle of all vessels via blood |
|
|
Med emergencies drug used for |
Angina Mi |
|
|
Dose required of GTN to treat Med emergency |
400mcg |
|
|
Mechanism of action of GTN |
Dilation of coronary arteries. Nitrates become nitrous oxide relaxes smooth muscle of vessel walls. Decreases resistance in vessels allowing blood to flow freely and decreases heart workload. |
|
|
What type of drug is salbutamol |
Bronchodilator Beta 2 receptor agonist |
|
|
Route of admin for salbutamol |
Inhalation |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics of salbutamol |
Absorbed via the lungs and via gi tract if swallowed Distributed directly to smooth muscle of bronchial walls |
|
|
Which med emergency is salbutamol used for |
Asthma attack Anaphylaxis MI and sometimes angina for comfort |
|
|
Dose needed to treat med emergency |
2 x 100mcg puffs |
|
|
Mechanism of action of salbutamol |
Binds to beta 2 receptors In lungs within smooth muscle walls of bronchioles, causes relaxation of muscles giving bronchodilation effects
Little to no effect on heart |
|
|
Other equipment that may be needed to take salbutamol besides inhaler |
Spacer especially for children |
