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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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24) A group of neuron
cell bodies in the CNS that share a common function is called a A) center. B) tract. C) soma. D) ganglion. E) column. |
A) center.
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25) In the case of most
neurons, the arrival of a nerve impulse at the synaptic knob immediately triggers A) a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic plasmalemma. B) long- lived effects at the synaptic membrane. C) generation of an action potential in the axon. D) release of ACh at the presynaptic membrane. E) both A and C. |
D) release of ACh at the presynaptic membrane.
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23) The central nervous
system (CNS) includes the A) brain. B) spinal cord. C) nerves. D) A and B. E) A and C. |
A) brain.
B) spinal cord. D) A and B. |
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22) Voluntary skeletal
muscle fibers in the leg are innervated by A) somatic motor fibers. B) visceral motor fibers. C) preganglionic fibers. D) postganglionic fibers. E) all of the above |
A) somatic motor fibers.
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20) The outermost
covering of an unmyelinated axon is called (the) A) internode. B) neurolemma. C) sarcolemma. D) axolemma. E) none of the above. |
D) axolemma.
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21) If all of the glial
cells of the nervous system were destroyed, which of the following would occur? A) Only about 10 percent of the cells of the nervous system would remain. B) The choroid plexus could not generate CSF. C) The rate of neuronal replacement would decline significantly. D) The mass of the nervous system would be reduced by about 25 percent. E) Only the PNS would be adversely affected. |
A) Only about 10 percent of the cells of the nervous system would remain.
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18) The portion of a
neuron that carries information in the form of a nerve impulse is called the A) myelin. B) Nissl body. C) dendrite. D) axon. E) soma. |
D) axon.
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19) The rate of
conduction of a nerve impulse depends upon A) the type of neurotransmitter present. B) the presence or absence of a myelin sheath. C) properties of the soma of the neuron. D) the number of cell dendrites. E) all of the above. |
B) the presence or absence of a myelin sheath.
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16) Which of the
following structures do not contribute to the coarse grainy appearance of the perikaryon of a neuron? A) rough endoplasmic reticulum B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) free and fixed ribosomes D) mitochondria E) All of the above contribute to the appearance of the perikaryon. |
B) smooth endoplasmicreticulum
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17) Which of the
following selections lists only types of glial cells? A) apocrine and exocrine cells B) microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells C) merocrine, platelet, and ependymal cells D) astrocytes and parenchymal cells E) none of the above |
B) microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells
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15) The surface of the
brain is called the A) white matter. B) higher center. C) neuronal nuclei. D) basal nuclei. E) neural cortex. |
E) neural cortex.
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13) The effects of a
neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane include which of the following? A) Prolonged, excitatory responses are typical. B) Upon stimulation, the membrane releases more neurotransmitter molecules. C) Neurotransmitter molecules are absorbed by the postsynaptic cell. D) The membrane contains receptors to which the neurotransmitter binds. E) Both A and C are true. |
C) Neurotransmitter molecules are absorbed by the postsynaptic cell.
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14) Pathways leading
from the receptors to the CNS are called A) afferent pathways. B) motor pathways. C) sensory pathways. D) efferent pathways. E) both A and C. |
A) afferent pathways.C) sensory pathways. E) both A and C.
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12) What is the correct
sequence of events at a synapse? (1) neurotransmitter release/diffusion (2) generation of action potential in the postsynaptic cell axon (3) arrival of nerve impulse at synaptic knob in presynaptic cell (4) removal of neurotransmitter molecules from receptors (5) binding of neurotransmitter to receptors A) 1, 5, 4, 2, 3 B) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 C) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 D) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 E) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 |
(3) arrival of nerve impulse at synaptic knob in presynaptic cell(1) neurotransmitter release/diffusion(5) binding of neurotransmitter to receptors(2) generation of action potential in the postsynaptic cell axon(4) removal of neurotransmitter molecules from receptors E) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
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10) If the point of an
extremely small probe were passed into a satellite cell, it would be located in which region of the nervous system? A) near a cell body in a ganglion of the PNS B) near the lining of the ventricles of the brain C) at a neuromuscular synapse D) near the axon of a neuron in the CNS E) in none of the above locations |
A) near a cell body in a ganglion of the PNS
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11) Which of the
following are examples of neuroeffector synapses? A) neuromuscular synapse B) neuroglandular synapse C) neuroneural synapse D) neuroaxonic synapses E) both A and B |
A) neuromuscular
synapse B) neuroglandular synapse E) both A and B |
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9) Functions of the
peripheral nervous system include A) providing sensory information to the CNS. B) making higher order decisions to interpret sensory inputs. C) carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems. D) carrying information up and down the spinal cord. E) A and C. |
A) providing sensory
information to the CNS. C) carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems. E) A and C. |
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8) Muscles, glands, and
special cells that respond to neural stimuli are called A) effectors. B) dendrites. C) axons. D) reflexes. E) receptors. |
A) effectors.
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7) Demyelination
A) is the thickening of the myelin sheath. B) only affects Schwann cells. C) is the gradual reduction in myelin. D) is the addition of myelin to the axon. E) only affects oligodendrocytes. |
C) is the gradualreduction in myelin.
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6) A communicating
junction acts to facilitate A) growth of Schwann cells. B) the passage of neurotransmitters between cells. C) a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane. D) the passage of ions between the cells. E) all of the above. |
D) the passage of ions between the cells.
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4) At a nonvesicular
synapse the neurons are bound together by A) nodes. B) internodes. C) neurotransmitters. D) terminal arborizations. E) communicating junctions. |
E) communicatingjunctions.
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5) Over 50 different
neurotransmitters have been identified, but the best known is A) GABA. B) norepinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) glutamate. E) epinephrine. |
C) acetylcholine.
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3) Satellite cells
surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons, which can be found in (the) A) nuclei. B) roots. C) ganglia. D) peripheral centers. E) all of the above. |
C) ganglia.
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2) Electrical synapses
are unique because they have A) neurotransmitter release. B) a postsynaptic membrane. C) a communicating junction. D) receptor proteins. E) two interacting neurons. |
C) a communicatingjunction.
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1) Neuroglia in the
nervous system function to A) support the neurons. B) process information in the nervous system. C) transfer nerve impulses from the brain to the spinal cord. D) carry nerve impulses. E) do all of the above. |
A) support the neurons.
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23) The
causes of a burn on the skin include which combination of the following? (1) exposure to heat (2) exposure to radiation (3) electrical shock (4) chemical agents (5) extensive exposure to the sun at midday A) 3, 5 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 C) 2, 3, 4, 5 D) 1, 3 E) 2, 4, 5 |
(1)
exposure to heat (2) exposure to radiation (3) electrical shock (4) chemical agents (5) extensive exposure to the sun at midday |
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24) Most
of the hairs covering the general surface of the body are A) intermediate hairs. B) vellus hairs. C) heavily pigmented hairs. D) terminal hairs. E) none of the above |
B) vellus hairs.
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25) Which
of the following skin conditions is the most common? A) capillary hemangioma B) squamous cell carcinoma C) cavernous hemangioma D) seborrheic dermatitis E) acne |
E) acne
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21)
Functions of the hair on the body include A) cushioning blows. B) providing insulating benefits. C) protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation. D) providing nervous sensation. E) all of the above. |
A)
cushioning blows. B) providing insulating benefits. C) protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation. D) providing nervous sensation. E) all of the above. |
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22) Study
of the anatomy of aging is primarily a part of which scientific field? A) pathophysiology B) developmental anatomy C) histology D) biochemistry E) comparative anatomy |
B) developmental anatomy
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20) The
area of the skin that contains the highest density of blood vessels is the A) reticular layer. B) papillary layer. C) epidermis. D) hypodermis. E) stratum corneum. |
D) hypodermis.
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19) What
does a ceruminous gland secrete? A) odorous sweat B) sebum C) ear wax D) watery sweat E) milk |
C) ear wax
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18) Which
of the following parts of a hair are usually seen because they are located outside of the body? A) hard keratin, bulb, root B) cortex, medulla, shaft C) bulb, root, shaft D) follicle, bulb, cuticle, cortex E) shaft only |
E) shaft only
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17) The
papillary layer of the dermis A) contains capillaries and sensory neurons. B) has dermal papillae that project between the epidermal ridges. C) consists of loose connective tissue. D) has all of the above attributes. E) does A and B only. |
A) contains capillaries and sensory neurons.B) has dermal papillae that project between the epidermal ridges.C) consists of loose connective tissue.D) has all of the above attributes.
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15) Which
of the following is involved in the coloring of the skin? A) Merkel cells. B) tactile corpuscles. C) lamellated corpuscles. D) Ruffini corpuscles. E) melanocytes. |
E) melanocytes.
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16) Nerve
fibers in the skin are found in which of the following layers? A) epidermis B) papillary layer C) reticular layer D) all of the above E) none of the above |
A) epidermisB) papillary layerC) reticular layerD) all of the above
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14) The
most abundant cells in the epidermis are A) Merkel cells. B) Langerhans' cells. C) melanocytes. D) keratinocytes. E) All of the above are in equal numbers. |
D)keratinocytes.
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12) Which of the
following is an accessory structure of the integument? A) sebaceous glands B) endocrine glands C) ear lobe D) teeth E) gums |
A) sebaceous glands
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13) The integument is
separated from the deep fascia around the other organs by (the) A) epidermis. B) cutaneous membrane. C) hypodermis. D) dermis. E) none of the above. |
C) hypodermis.
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11) Which of the
following is the most severe type of skin injury? A) abrasion B) burn C) scarring after surgery D) laceration E) all of the above |
B) burn
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10) The physical
mechanism responsible for blushing is A) cyanosis. B) an increased amount of melanin. C) decreased amounts of carotene. D) dilation of superficial blood vessels. E) none of the above. |
D) dilation of superficial blood vessels.
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8) Eccrine sweat glands
A) are the same as apocrine glands. B) cause "sweaty palms." C) are usually attached to hair follicles. D) are most common in the axilla. E) respond to elevated body temperature. |
B) cause "sweatypalms."
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9) Which of the
following effects of aging is most vital to a person living in a hot, humid climate? A) a decrease in glandular activity B) a decrease in melanocyte activity C) thinning of the epidermis of the skin D) a decrease in the number of Langerhans' cells E) All of the above are vital effects of aging. |
A) a decrease in glandular activity
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7) The most widely
distributed type of sweat gland on the body is (the) A) apocrine sweat gland. B) ceruminous gland. C) myoepithelial gland. D) merocrine sweat gland. E) none of the above. |
D) merocrine sweat gland.
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6) Why is the skin
capable of repair, even after serious damage? A) All layers of the skin have an excellent blood supply. B) Construction of scar tissue is easier than making normal skin. C) Individual skin cells have a high metabolic rate. D) Stem cells persist in both the epidermis and dermis. E) Both C and D are true. |
D) Stem cells persist in both the epidermis and dermis.
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4) Which of the following
is an epidermal structure? A) blood vessels B) hair follicle C) lamellated corpuscle D) arrector pili muscle E) root hair plexus |
B) hair follicle
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5) A hypodermic needle
would penetrate the skin in which order? A) epidermis, reticular layer, papillary layer B) epidermis, papillary layer, reticular layer C) reticular layer, papillary layer, epidermis D) papillary layer, reticular layer, epidermis E) none of the above. |
B) epidermis, papillary layer, reticular layer
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2) Sensory structures
in the epidermis that are sensitive enough to detect air flow from a gentle breeze are called A) Langerhans' cells. B) lamellated corpuscles. C) Merkel cells. D) free nerve endings. E) all of the above. |
D) free nerve endings.
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3) When people
experience conditions of high environmental temperatures and humidity, A) even if they do not overexert they will have sore muscles and feel tired. B) they feel increasingly energetic as their skin surface becomes warmer. C) their bodies are cooled primarily by the merocrine sweat glands. D) they can become hydrated from absorbing water vapor from the air. E) none of the above will occur. |
C) their bodies are cooled primarily by the merocrine sweat glands.
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24) In older
individuals, wrinkling of the skin occurs because of A) loss of subcutaneous fat. B) exposure to ultraviolet radiation. C) thinning of the dermis. D) all of the above. E) A and C only. |
A) loss of subcutaneous fat.B) exposure to ultraviolet radiation.C) thinning of the dermis.D) all of the above.
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25) An individual cell
normally remains as a part of the epidermis for A) about two weeks. B) the entire life of the individual. C) at least one year. D) five to eight hours. E) four to six weeks. |
E) four to six weeks.
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1) Functions of sebum
include which combination of the following? (1) lubricating the skin (2) cooling the skin (3) inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the skin (4) sensing pressure on the surface of the skin (5) promoting the production of new skin cells A) 1, 3 B) 4, 5 C) 2, 4, 5 D) 1, 2, 3 E) 1, 2 |
(1) lubricating the skin(3) inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the skin A) 1, 3
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22) Cells in the
stratum germinativum that are used as sensory receptors are called A) Merkel cells. B) stem cells. C) melanocytes. D) keratinocytes. E) Langerhans' cells. |
A) Merkel cells.
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23) The keratinized
epithelium of the skin is called (the) A) hypodermis. B) dermis. C) epidermis. D) papillary layer. E) all of the above. |
C) epidermis.
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21) At the end of a
hair's growth cycle, the follicle does which of the following? A) loses connection to the hair matrix B) sloughs off the old hair when the cycle begins again C) becomes smaller D) becomes inactive E) all of the above |
A) loses connection to
the hair matrix B) sloughs off the old hair when the cycle begins again C) becomes smaller D) becomes inactive E) all of the above |
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20) Of the following
structures, which is covered or lined by the integumentary system? A) nasal cavity B) vaginal canal C) external auditory meatus D) oral cavity E) all of the above |
A) nasal cavity
B) vaginal canal C) external auditory meatus D) oral cavity E) all of the above |
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19) The blood supply to
the skin is called (the) A) brachial plexus. B) hypodermis. C) cutaneous plexus. D) venous anastomosis. E) none of the above. |
C) cutaneous plexus.
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18) The
epidermis is composed of which type of epithelium? A) simple columnar B) transitional C) simple squamous D) stratified cuboidal E) stratified squamous |
E) stratified squamous
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16) Two types
of modes of secretion for sweat glands in the skin are A) adrenal and holocrine. B) merocrine and apocrine. C) holocrine and endocrine. D) apocrine and endocrine. E) sebaceous and merocrine. |
B) merocrineand apocrine.
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17) Which of
the following is a desirable physiologic result of skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation? A) mild sunburn to promote replacement of old epidermal cells B) drying of the skin C) a decrease in melanocyte activity D) assistance in conversion of a cholesterol- like steroid into vitamin D E) none of the above |
D) assistance in conversion of a cholesterol- like steroid into vitamin D
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14) Which of the
following cell types is found in the epidermis? A) fibroblasts B) Langerhans' cell C) neutrophil D) macrophage E) mast cell |
B) Langerhans' cell
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15) Which of the
following is (are) present in the skin on the palms? A) stratum lucidum B) Merkel cells C) sebaceous glands D) epidermal ridges E) all of the above can be found on the palm |
A) stratum lucidum
B) Merkel cells C) sebaceous glands D) epidermal ridges E) all of the above can be found on the palm |
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13) The epidermis in a
section of thick skin includes the following five layers. In what order do these occur, from the basement membrane to the surface? (1)stratum granulosum (2)stratum lucidum (3)stratum corneum (4)stratum germinativum (5)stratum spinosum A) 4, 5, 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 C) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1 D) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 E) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 |
(4)stratum germinativum(5)stratum spinosum(1)stratum granulosum(2)stratum lucidum(3)stratum corneum A) 4, 5, 1, 2, 3
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12) Wrinkles in
the skin can be caused by A) collagen disorders. B) the cumulative effects of ultraviolet radiation. C) changes in levels of hormones. D) increasing age. E) All of the above cause wrinkles. |
A) collagen
disorders. B) the cumulative effects of ultraviolet radiation. C) changes in levels of hormones. D) increasing age. E) All of the above cause wrinkles. |
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11) The cells
in a hair follicle that are responsible for forming the hair are A) matrix cells. B) cortical cells. C) medullary cells. D) papillary cells. E) Merkel cells. |
A) matrix cells.
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10) The cells
found in sweat glands that function to force sweat out of the gland are called A) neuroepithelial cells. B) myoepithelial cells. C) transitional cells. D) stratified columnar cells. E) none of the above. |
B) myoepithelial cells.
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9) Sensible
perspiration is a A) clear secretion from holocrine glands. B) clear secretion from apocrine glands. C) thick secretion from apocrine glands. D) clear secretion from merocrine glands. E) thick secretion from merocrine glands. |
D) clear secretion from merocrine glands.
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8) Which of the
following terms refers to fine hairs grown on the fetus? A) terminal B) vellus C) lanugo D) vernix E) intermediate |
C) lanugo
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7) The
hypodermis is important in A) connecting the dermis to the epidermis. B) stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues. C) preventing unacceptable water losses through the skin. D) all of the above. E) A and B only. |
B) stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues.
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6) Differences
in uncut hair length result from A) variations in hair growth rate. B) variations in the thickness of individual hairs. C) the quality of conditioning treatments received. D) duration of the hair growth cycle. E) both A and D. |
A) variations
in hair growth rate. D) duration of the hair growth cycle. E) both A and D. |
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5) Which of the
following describes a central canal? A) contains a vein B) contains an artery C) runs parallel to osteons D) contains a nerve E) All of the above are true. |
A) contains a
vein B) contains an artery C) runs parallel to osteons D) contains a nerve E) All of the above are true. |
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3) How do
hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth? A) They don't; hormones are not involved in bone growth processes. B) They control the rate of movement of the epiphyseal line. C) They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. D) They regulate the deposition of calcium and phosphate salts in the bone matrix. E) None of the above are true. |
C) They change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
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4) Mature bone
cells are termed A) osteoblasts. B) osteocytes. C) osteoclasts. D) osteoplasts. E) chondrocytes |
B) osteocytes.
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1) Extra bones
that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called A) Wormian bones. B) sesamoid bones. C) flat bones. D) endochondral bones. E) none of the above. |
A) Wormianbones.
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2) In addition
to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains A) smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls). B) neural tissues. C) other connective tissues. D) all of the above. E) none of the above. |
A) smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls).
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