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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Hyper-Threading
simultaneous executing two streams of instructions at one time.
Dual Core
combining two or more independent processors into a single package
Quad Core
combining 4 processors into one single package
Multiprocessing
two or more CPUs within a single computer system
Over Clocking
rising the power to one component to allow faster performance from that component
CPU Cache
small, fast and expensive memory which is used by the CPU to store instructions, data and the most recently used commands. The code is accessed at a much faster rate than the system memory
Voltage Regulator Module
can be soldered to a MB. The device allows a user to add another CPU, which might run at a different core voltage
Core voltage
Five volts used to go to early PCs, but as electrons got faster, heat build up became the problem. Newer CPUs use less than 1.5 volts inside the CPU.
Throttling
scaling back the CPU to use less power, less voltage, therefore less heat. Throttling reduces CPU performance, but saves power consumption and electronic component life.
Clock Multiplier
the transfer rate for the MB and the bus system. This clockrate is multiplied by the CPU to obtain the internal clockrate for the CPU.
32 bit vs 64 bit
There are three places where the bit width is applicable: internal bus, data bus and address bus. The more bits the greater the ability to send data faster in the CPU, through the MB and to RAM.
Front-side Bus and Back-side bus
connects the CPU to the main memory on the motherboard.
DRAM
type where the voltage must be refreshed, recharged capacitors every thousandth of a second.
SRAM
more expensive, and faster than DRAM. SRAM is used inside the CPU for level 1 cache and just outside the CPU for level 2 cache. SRAM holds its charge and does not waste time being refreshed. This allows faster data transfer rates.
SDRAM
run at the same speed as the motherboard bus. The motherboard sends data through a set of conductors called a bus system

SDRAM was the most popular type of RAM to install on a motherboard, but is now obsolete.
DDR
Double Data Rate 2 are the most common types of RAM installed in a system today. DDR sends a signal, a binary bit on the upstroke of a square wave and another bit on the down stroke of the digital square wave. This allows a motherboard running at 200 MHz to send data at 400 MHz. DDR2 runs at lower voltages, more cycles per second and provides more throughput of data, quicker.
RDRAM
It optimizes the system for video streaming up to 800 MHZ. These sticks of RAM are called RIMM sticks.
SIMM
IC chips soldered or snapped onto the motherboard. The first universally accepted type of RAM packaging was the Single Inline Memory Module. These were 30 pin or contacts (all on one single side) modules inserted into a motherboard usually in 1 MB sticks at a time.
DIMM
The next generation of RAM stick, which we still use today, is called Dual Inline Memory Module. These are longer than SIMM and have contacts on both sides. There are 168 contacts, sending 64-bits of information at a time.
SO-DIMM
but this type of memory has a different packaging style called SO-DIMM for Small Outline DIMM. These are either 72 pin for 32-bit systems or 144 pins for 64-bit motherboards.
Parity
Parity is for error detection, when working with DRAM. It means having an extra IC chip, working with the chipset which is designed to compare the “I’s” and “0’s” stored in a byte (8 bits grouped together).
ECC
Error Correction Code is a system working between the motherboard, the chipset and DRAM. If a parity error occurs, ECC quickly fixes the data without any hesitation. This system is not found on most PCs, but on high-end systems such as servers.