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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Signs of a Heart Attack
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Chest pain or pressure
Pain in one or both arms Pain in the jaw Shortness of breath |
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Ventricullar fibrillation
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Heart isn't pumping blood. No blood going to brain
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Chain of survival
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Early 911
Early CPR Early defibrillation Early transport to advanced medical care |
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Steps for CPR
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Assess: Are you OK? No response, no breathing, call 911, begin CPR
10 seconds to check pulse (carotid artery in neck) |
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CAB
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Compressions: lock elbows, push hard and fast, 2 inches compression. 30 compressions, 100 compressions per minute
Airway: tilt head back (hands on chin and forehead) (redo every cycle) Breathing: pinch nose, mouth to mouth, 2 breaths, one second each. |
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Compression only CPR
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May be as effective as traditional CPR that includes breathing.
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Do NOT compress only CPR if:
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Adult victim you did not witnes collapse
Adult collapsed from oxygen depletion (ie. choking, asthma, drowning, drug overdose) Children under age 8 |
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Choking:
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Do heimlich until they pass out.
If they pass out, try to sweep blockage with finger, give two breaths. If chest does not rise, begin CPR |
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Defibrillating prep
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Must remove clothes, dry skin, remove excessive hair
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Pad attachment
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1 Right shoulder
2 Below left nipple (and slightly to left) Make sure no one else touching victim after pads attached Children: from and back of chest |
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Continue CPR until:
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Medical personnel arrive
The victim is taking 10 breaths per minute |
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Cause of most cardio-pulmonary arrests
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Adults: blockage of arteries
Children: respiratory problems. Drowning, injuries, electrocutions. |
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Infant, child, adult CPR guidelines:
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Newborn - 1 year: infant
1 - 8 years: child 8+ adult |
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Brachial artery
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Inside of upper arm just above the elbow
Use to find pulse in infant |
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Children compressions
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1 or 2 hands.
Compress to 1/3 the depth of the chest 30 compressions, at least 100 compressions/minute |
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Infant compressions
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Two fingers in center of chest between the nipples
Compress about 1/3 of the chest 30 compressions, at least 100 compressions/minute |
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Breathing for infants:
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Cover mouth and nose with you mouth for breathing
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Choking infant
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Support chest and head on arm or leg
5 back blows with the heal of one hand If that doesn't work, 5 quick downward chest thrusts in middle of chest with 2 or 3 fingers If infant becomes unresponsive, begin CPR |
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Universal precautions:
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A method of exposure control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infected.
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First Aid ABC
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First Aid SAMPLE
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Signs and symptoms
Allergy Medication Previous problems Last food or drink Events |
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Direct pressure
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Minimum 5 minutes
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First degree burns
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the least severe.
They are characterized by redness, mild swelling, and pain. A sunburn is a common example of a first degree burn. |
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Second degree burns
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burns are more serious.
They are deeper than the first degree burns, look red or mottled, and have blisters. Second degree burns are usually the most painful because nerve endings are usually still intact. |
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Third degree burns
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the most severe. They may look white, brown, or charred. Victims of third degree burns may have severe pain, or no pain at all if the nerve endings are destroyed.
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Burn treatment:
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1/2nd degree: flush with cool, running water, apply moist dressing/loose bandage
3rd: if pain, flush with cool running water, then bandage. If no pain, no flush, just bandage. |
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Cardiovascular stats
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Leading cause of death in the US
Every year, over 1 million individuals suffer heart attacks (in the US?) 1/3 of heart attacks lead to cardiac arrest |
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Signs and symptoms of stroke
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include:
weakness slurred speech one-sided facial droop weakness on one side of the body With a serious stroke, the victim may even be unconscious. |
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Febrile seizures
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Children's seizures brought on by high fever.
Preventable by controlling the fever: cold compress or tylenol Children alternate between the clonic phase and the tonic phase |
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Common signs of low blood sugar
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Headache
Dizziness Confusion Hunger Pale Skin Clummsy or Jerky Movements These people may be combative or resist care. The reason is they need sugar. Provide in form of fruit juice, glucose, or a few pieces of hard candy. If still ill after 15 minutes, give more sugar. |
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Poison
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Call 911 immediately, don't wait for symptoms
Induce vomiting if poison was swallowed |
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Heat emergencies
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Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion Heat stroke |
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Heat cramps
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Probably from dehydration
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Heat exhaustion symptoms
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Cool, pale, moist skin
Heavy sweating Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Body temperature will be near normal |
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Heat exhaustion care
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Care includes:
Moving the victim from hot environment placing them in the shock position removing or loosening clothing cooling by fanning or applying cold packs or wet towels on their body |
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Heat stroke
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Heat Stroke is life threatening and requires immediate and aggressive treatment!
Heat stroke occurs when the body's heat regulating mechanism fails. The body temperature rises so high that brain damage -- and death -- may result unless the body is cooled quickly. Signs and symptoms are: Hot, red, dry, skin Unconscious or altered level of consciousness Extremely high body temperature from 104-115 degrees |
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Care for heat stroke
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Care for Heat Stroke
Immediate and rapid cooling of the victim must be performed! Remove from hot environment Spray the victim with cool water Apply ice packs to neck, arm pits, and groin area Fan the victim to increase cooling |