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37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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Signs of a Heart Attack
Chest pain or pressure
Pain in one or both arms
Pain in the jaw
Shortness of breath
Ventricullar fibrillation
Heart isn't pumping blood. No blood going to brain
Chain of survival
Early 911
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Early transport to advanced medical care
Steps for CPR
Assess: Are you OK? No response, no breathing, call 911, begin CPR
10 seconds to check pulse (carotid artery in neck)
CAB
Compressions: lock elbows, push hard and fast, 2 inches compression. 30 compressions, 100 compressions per minute
Airway: tilt head back (hands on chin and forehead) (redo every cycle)
Breathing: pinch nose, mouth to mouth, 2 breaths, one second each.
Compression only CPR
May be as effective as traditional CPR that includes breathing.
Do NOT compress only CPR if:
Adult victim you did not witnes collapse
Adult collapsed from oxygen depletion (ie. choking, asthma, drowning, drug overdose)
Children under age 8
Choking:
Do heimlich until they pass out.
If they pass out, try to sweep blockage with finger, give two breaths.
If chest does not rise, begin CPR
Defibrillating prep
Must remove clothes, dry skin, remove excessive hair
Pad attachment
1 Right shoulder
2 Below left nipple (and slightly to left)
Make sure no one else touching victim after pads attached

Children: from and back of chest
Continue CPR until:
Medical personnel arrive
The victim is taking 10 breaths per minute
Cause of most cardio-pulmonary arrests
Adults: blockage of arteries

Children: respiratory problems. Drowning, injuries, electrocutions.
Infant, child, adult CPR guidelines:
Newborn - 1 year: infant
1 - 8 years: child
8+ adult
Brachial artery
Inside of upper arm just above the elbow
Use to find pulse in infant
Children compressions
1 or 2 hands.
Compress to 1/3 the depth of the chest
30 compressions, at least 100 compressions/minute
Infant compressions
Two fingers in center of chest between the nipples
Compress about 1/3 of the chest
30 compressions, at least 100 compressions/minute
Breathing for infants:
Cover mouth and nose with you mouth for breathing
Choking infant
Support chest and head on arm or leg
5 back blows with the heal of one hand
If that doesn't work, 5 quick downward chest thrusts in middle of chest with 2 or 3 fingers
If infant becomes unresponsive, begin CPR
Universal precautions:
A method of exposure control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infected.
First Aid ABC
?????????????????
First Aid SAMPLE
Signs and symptoms
Allergy
Medication
Previous problems
Last food or drink
Events
Direct pressure
Minimum 5 minutes
First degree burns
the least severe.
They are characterized by redness, mild swelling, and pain.
A sunburn is a common example of a first degree burn.
Second degree burns
burns are more serious.
They are deeper than the first degree burns, look red or mottled, and have blisters.
Second degree burns are usually the most painful because nerve endings are usually still intact.
Third degree burns
the most severe. They may look white, brown, or charred. Victims of third degree burns may have severe pain, or no pain at all if the nerve endings are destroyed.
Burn treatment:
1/2nd degree: flush with cool, running water, apply moist dressing/loose bandage

3rd: if pain, flush with cool running water, then bandage. If no pain, no flush, just bandage.
Cardiovascular stats
Leading cause of death in the US
Every year, over 1 million individuals suffer heart attacks (in the US?)
1/3 of heart attacks lead to cardiac arrest
Signs and symptoms of stroke
include:

weakness
slurred speech
one-sided facial droop
weakness on one side of the body

With a serious stroke, the victim may even be unconscious.
Febrile seizures
Children's seizures brought on by high fever.
Preventable by controlling the fever: cold compress or tylenol
Children alternate between the clonic phase and the tonic phase
Common signs of low blood sugar
Headache
Dizziness
Confusion
Hunger
Pale Skin
Clummsy or Jerky Movements

These people may be combative or resist care. The reason is they need sugar. Provide in form of fruit juice, glucose, or a few pieces of hard candy.
If still ill after 15 minutes, give more sugar.
Poison
Call 911 immediately, don't wait for symptoms
Induce vomiting if poison was swallowed
Heat emergencies
Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
Heat cramps
Probably from dehydration
Heat exhaustion symptoms
Cool, pale, moist skin
Heavy sweating
Dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Body temperature will be near normal
Heat exhaustion care
Care includes:

Moving the victim from hot environment
placing them in the shock position
removing or loosening clothing
cooling by fanning or applying cold packs or wet towels on their body
Heat stroke
Heat Stroke is life threatening and requires immediate and aggressive treatment!

Heat stroke occurs when the body's heat regulating mechanism fails.

The body temperature rises so high that brain damage -- and death -- may result unless the body is cooled quickly.

Signs and symptoms are:

Hot, red, dry, skin
Unconscious or altered level of consciousness
Extremely high body temperature from 104-115 degrees
Care for heat stroke
Care for Heat Stroke

Immediate and rapid cooling of the victim must be performed!

Remove from hot environment
Spray the victim with cool water
Apply ice packs to neck, arm pits, and groin area
Fan the victim to increase cooling