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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 8 responsibilities of a professional rescuer?
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(1)Having a duty to respond to an emergencg (2)Using techniques learned in professional training (3)Ensuring their personal safety and the safety of others (4)Gaining safe access to the victim (5)Determining any threats to the victim's life (6)Summoning more advanced medical personnel (7)Providing needed care for the victim (8)Assisting more advanced medical personnel.
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HavingUsingEnsuring
GainingDetermingSummoning ProvidingAssisting HUE GDS PA |
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What are the 4 characterisitcs of a professional rescuer?
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(1)maintain a health lifestyle (2)maintain professional appearace and attitude (3)controlling their own fears (4)keeping knowledge & skills up to date
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What is a network of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergecy care to victims of injury or sudden illness called?
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Emergecy Medical Services system (EMS system)
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What are the 6 steps of the EMS system?
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(1)recognition and response by the lay responder (2)early activation of the EMS system (3)professional rescuer care (4)prehospital care provided by advances medical personnel (5)hospital care (6)rehabilitation
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During early activation of the EMS system what occurs?
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a lay responder calls 911 to activate the system and then a dispatcher determines what help is needed and dispatches the appropriate EMS personnel.
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What else might an EMS system dispatcher do?
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provide instructions about what care to give before advances medical personnel arrive
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Who is trained to asses the victim's condition more effectively and take appropriate actions?
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Professional rescuer
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not an EMT!
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Who provides a critcial transition in the EMS system and who is the transition between?
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The professional rescuer provides a critical transition between the lay responder's initial actions and the care provided by advanced medical personnel.
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lay responder- initial actions
advanced medical personnel- care provided |
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Who provides more advances care and life support techniques?
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EMT's
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not a professional rescuer!
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What is the role of the EMT?
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to reasses the victim's condition and provide appropraite care until the victim reaches the hospital?
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two things.
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Who provides the highest level of prehospital care and serves as a field extension of the emergency care physician?
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Paramedic
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When a victim reaches the hospital what happens next?
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the trauma department, physicians, nurses, and other skilled professionals take over. Other specially trained personnel may also provide care to further stabilize a critically injured or ill victim.
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What happens in the hospital once a victim is stabilized?
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they may be transferred to another department within the hospital to receive more specialized care
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When does rehabilitation begin?
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after the acute medical problem has been corrected
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What is the goal of rehabilitation?
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to return the victim to his or her previous state of health
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When is the victim's chance for a full recovery improved?
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when all parts of the EMS system are working effectively.
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What is the result of an EMS system in which all participant's fufill their roles?
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Survival
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Which legal consideration explains that professional rescuers have a duty to act at the scene of an emergency? and what happens if they don't?
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Duty to act, and legal action could result if they don't fufill their duty.
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What is the scope of practice?
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The set of skills and knowledge that you aquired through training and are authorized by your certification to practice.
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Which legal consideration explains that the public expects a certain level of knowledge and skill from personnel summoned to provide emergency care
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Standard of care
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What 4 things does the standard of care require you to do?
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(1)communicate proper information and warning to help prevent injuries
(2)recognize a victim in need of care (3)attempt to rescue a victim needing assistance (4)provide emergecy care according to your level of training |
CRAP
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How may you be considered negligent?
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If you do not follow the standard of care and your failure to act results in someone being injured or causes further harm to the vicitm
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What does negligence include? (4 things)
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(1)failing to provide care
(2)providing care behind your scope of practice (3)providing inappropriate care (4)failing to control or stop any behaviors that could result in further harm or injury |
FPPF
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What law protects people who willingly give emergecy care without accepting anything in return
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Good Samaritan laws
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GSL
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Are professional rescuers considered good samaritans? why or why not?
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No, because of their "duty" to act
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Good samaritan laws protect people from legal liability if they what? (3 things)
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act within their scope of training, act in good faith, and are not negligent
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How do you obtain consent? (5 things?)
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(1)state your name
(2)tell the victim you are trained to help and what level of training you have (3)ask the victim if you can help (4)explain to th victim that you would like to assess them to find out what is wrong (5)explain what you plan to do |
STAEE
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If parent of gaurdian isn't present when a minor is injured is consent implied?
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yes
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What do you do if a victim who is seriously injured or ill refuses care?
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honor his or her wishes and explain why they need care and what could happen is they don't get medical attention. a witness, if available, should also document in writing any refusal of care
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What are written instructions that describe the wishes of a person regardinng medical treatment or health-care decisions in the event the person becomes incapacitated and can no longer express his or her wishes?
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Advanced directives
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What are 3 advanced directives?
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DNR's (do not resuscitate orders), durable power of attorney, and living wills
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What is the unnlawful, harmful, or offenzive touching of a person without that person's consent?
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Battery
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Desribe abandonment.
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you must continue giving care once you've begun until someone with equal or more training arrives and takes over
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Describe confidentiality.
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you may learn something about an injured victim that is private, do not share with anyones except EMS personnel directly associated with the victim's medical care
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What is HIPAA? and what could result if confidentitality is broken?
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health insurance portability and accountability act. Sharing personal info with those not directly associated with a victim's medical care may constitute a breach in the victim's privacy.
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Why is documentation important? (3 reasons)
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(1)It assists more advanced medical personnel when they arrive and can help speed up care (2)a written report can provide legal documentation of what you saw, did, or heard at the scene (3)it is useful when analyzing current response practices and protocals and planning preventative action for the future
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What are 3 key things to remember when completing a documentation form?
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(1)complete the form as soon as possible (2)be neat and accurate, and record the facts of the incident, not opinions (3)sign, date and keep a copy of your repoort
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What is Hepatitis B? and what is the most effective means of prevention?
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a liver infection caused by the hep-B virus. hepatitis B vaccine.
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What is Hepatitis C?
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a liver disaes caused by the hep-C virus.
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What is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the united states and the leading cause of liver transplants?
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Hepatitis C
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What is the difference between bacteria and virus?
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bacteria can live outside the body and do not depend on other organisms for life while viruses depend on other organisms to live.
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Is hep-b or hep-c more serious and why?
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hep-c is more serious because there is no vaccine and no treatment available
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What is the virus that attacks white blood cells, destroying the body's ability to fight infection and causes AIDS?
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HIV human immunodeficiency virus
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What 4 conditions must be present for a disease to spread?
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(1)a pathogen must be present
(2)a sufficient quanity of the pathoge must be present (3)a person must be susceptible to the pathogen (4)the pathogen must pass through to correct entry site (mouth, eyes, cuts, etc.) |
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When does direct contact transmission occur?
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When infected blood or body fluids from one person enters another person's body at the correct entry site
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When does indirect contact transmission occur?
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when a person touches an object that contains the body fluid of an infected person and that infected body fluid enters the body through the correct entry site
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When does droplet transmission occur?
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When a person inhales droplets from an innfected person's cough or sneeze
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Whne does vector-bourne tansmission occur?
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When the body's skin is penetrated by an infectious source such as an animal or insect bite or sting
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What is OSHA and what does OSHA require emplyers to do?
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Occupational safety and health administration. reduce or remove hazards from the workplace that may place employees in contact with infectious materials.
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Who do the OSHA guidelines apply to?
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employees who may come into contact with body substances that could cause infection.
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What is the exposure control plan?
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a written program outlining the protective measures an employer will take to eliminate or minimize employee exposure incidents.
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What are OSHA required practices of control to protect employees from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials?
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Universal precautions
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What do universal precautions require?
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That all human blood and certain body substances be treated as if known to be infectious.
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What do standard precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) precautions require?
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That all body fluids and substances be considered infectious.
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What are 6 types of personal protective equipment?
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(1)breathing barriess (2)masks (3)shields (4)gowns (5)protective eyewear (6)disposable gloves
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What devices do breathing barriers include?
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resuscitation masks, face shields, and bag valve mask resuscitators (BVM's)
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What are the 6 steps to ensure that you are washing your hands correctly?
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(1)wet hands with warm water (2)apply liquid soap to hands
(3)rub hands for atleast 15 seconds using soap and warm running water, cover all surfaces of the hands and fingers and scrub nails by rubbing them against the palms (4)rinse hands with water (5)dry hands thoroughly with paper towel (6)turn off the faucet using the paper towel |
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what are engineering controls?
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things you use in the workplace to help reduce the risk of exposure incidents
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What are 5 examples of engineering controls?
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(1)sharps disposal containers
(2)self-sheathing needles (3)safer medical devices such as sharps with engineered sharps injury protection or needleless systems (4)biohazard bags and labels (5)personal protective equipment |
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What are things you do in the workplace to help reduce the risk of exposure incidents?
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work practice controls
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What are 7 work practice controls?
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(1)placing sharp ojects in puncture resistant, leakproof, and labeled containers (2)avoiding splashing, spraying, or splaterring droplets of potentially infectious materials when performing all procedures (3)removing and disposing of soiled protective clothing as soon as possible (4)cleaning and disinfecting all equipment and work surfaces possibly soiled by blood
(5)washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water immediately after providing care (6)not eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, handling contact lenses, or touching your eyes, mouth, or nose when you are in an area where you may be exposed to infectious materials (7)using alcohol-based hand sanitizers or lotions where hand washing facilities are not available |
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What are the 7 steps for cleaning up a spill?
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(1)wear disposable gloves and other personal protective clothing
(2)clean up spills immediately or as soon as possible (3)if the spill is mixed with sharps, don't pick them up with your hands, use a broom & dustpan or 2 pieces of cardboard (4)dispose of the absorbent material used to collect the spill in a labeled biohazard containter (5)flood the area with 1 1/2 cups of bleach to 1 gallon of water (1 part bleach 10 parts water), and allow it to stand for 10 minutes (6)use appropriate material to absorb the soultion, and dispose of it in a labeled biohazard container (7)scub soiled boots, leather shoes and other leath goods with a brush and hot water. If you wear a uniform, wash and dry it. |
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What are 3 steps to take immediately if exposed to potentially infectious material?
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(1)wash needlestick injuries, cuts, and exposed skin with soap and water
(2)flush splashes of blood or other potentially infectious materials to the mouth and nose with water (3)irrigate eyes with clean water, or saline solutions. |
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following any exposure incident, what should you do?
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report the incident to your supervisor, write down what happened, and get immediate medical attention.
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What are 3 things you do in any emergency situation?
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(1)size up the scene
(2)perform an initial assesment (3)summon advanced medical personnel |
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What are the 5 steps when sizing up the scene?
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(1)determine if the scene is safe for you and others
(2)put on personal protective equipment (3)determine what happened and what cuased the injury (4)determine the number of victims (5)determine what additional help may be needed |
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What is done during the initial assesment?
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check the victim for conciousness and obtain consent, check for signs of life (movement and breathing), check for pulse, check for severe bleeding
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Which situations would you call first?
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in cardiac emergencies- an unconcious adult (12 years or older), or an unconciouus child or infant known to be at high risk for heart problems
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What is care first? and which situations would you care first?
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care first to provide 2 minutes of care and then call 911, you would care first are likely related to breathing emergencies- an unconcious infant or child (younger than 12 years old), any victim of drowning or noonfatal submersion, any victim who has suffered cardiac arread associated with trauma, any victim who has has a drug overdose.
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what are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
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face-weakness on one side of the face
arm- weakness or numbness in one arm speech- slurred speech or trouble getting words out |
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What 3 situations are the only time you should move an injured victim?
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(1)the scene becomes unsafe
(2)you have to reach another victim with more serious injuries (3)you need to provide proper care |
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What are 7 things a rescuer should consider when moving a victim?
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(1)victims height and weight
(2)physical strength of the rescuer (3)obstacles (4)distance to be moved (5)whether others are available to help (6)victim's condition (7)whether aids to transport are readily available |
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What are 5 ways to to move a victim?
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(1)clothes darg
(2)2 person seat carry (3)foot drag (4)walking assist (5)pack-strap carry |
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When should you use an autoinjector of a victim? (5)
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(1)the victim relates a history or allergies or allergic reactions
(2)the victim is having an allergic reaction (3)the victim requests assistance to administer epinephrine (4)the victim provides the auto-injector (5)the victim has a family member who relates a victimm's hisptory of allergies and provides the victim's auto-injector |
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What are 6 things you should do before administering epinephrine to the victim?
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(1)summon more advanced medical care
(2)check the label to ensure the prescriptionn is for the victim (3)ensure that the person has not already taken epinephrine (4)ensure the prescription hasnt expired (5)ensure the medication is clear and not cloudy or discolored (6)read and follow instructions provided with the auto-injector |
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What is it called if a victim has difficult breathing?
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Respiratory distress
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What is it called if a victim stops breathing?
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Respiratory arrest/failure
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What is a condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the cells?
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Hypoxia
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following any exposure incident, what should you do?
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report the incident to your supervisor, write down what happened, and get immediate medical attention.
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What are 3 things you do in any emergency situation?
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(1)size up the scene
(2)perform an initial assesment (3)summon advanced medical personnel |
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What are the 5 steps when sizing up the scene?
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(1)determine if the scene is safe for you and others
(2)put on personal protective equipment (3)determine what happened and what cuased the injury (4)determine the number of victims (5)determine what additional help may be needed |
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What is done during the initial assesment?
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check the victim for conciousness and obtain consent, check for signs of life (movement and breathing), check for pulse, check for severe bleeding
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Which situations would you call first?
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in cardiac emergencies- an unconcious adult (12 years or older), or an unconciouus child or infant known to be at high risk for heart problems
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What is care first? and which situations would you care first?
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care first to provide 2 minutes of care and then call 911, you would care first are likely related to breathing emergencies- an unconcious infant or child (younger than 12 years old), any victim of drowning or noonfatal submersion, any victim who has suffered cardiac arread associated with trauma, any victim who has has a drug overdose.
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what are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
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face-weakness on one side of the face
arm- weakness or numbness in one arm speech- slurred speech or trouble getting words out |
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What 3 situations are the only time you should move an injured victim?
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(1)the scene becomes unsafe
(2)you have to reach another victim with more serious injuries (3)you need to provide proper care |
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What are 7 things a rescuer should consider when moving a victim?
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(1)victims height and weight
(2)physical strength of the rescuer (3)obstacles (4)distance to be moved (5)whether others are available to help (6)victim's condition (7)whether aids to transport are readily available |
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following any exposure incident, what should you do?
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report the incident to your supervisor, write down what happened, and get immediate medical attention.
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What are 3 things you do in any emergency situation?
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(1)size up the scene
(2)perform an initial assesment (3)summon advanced medical personnel |
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What are 5 ways to to move a victim?
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(1)clothes darg
(2)2 person seat carry (3)foot drag (4)walking assist (5)pack-strap carry |
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When should you use an autoinjector on a victim? (5)
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(1)the victim relates a history of allergies or allergic reactions
(2)the victim is having an allergic reaction (3)the victim requests assistance to administer epinephrine (4)the victim provides the auto-injector (5)the victim has a family member who relates a their history of allergies and provides the victim's auto-injector |
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What are 6 things you should do before administering epinephrine to the victim?
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(1)summon more advanced medical care
(2)check the label to ensure the prescriptionn is for the victim (3)ensure that the person has not already taken epinephrine (4)ensure the prescription hasnt expired (5)ensure the medication is clear and not cloudy or discolored (6)read and follow instructions provided with the auto-injector |
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What are the 5 steps when sizing up the scene?
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(1)determine if the scene is safe for you and others
(2)put on personal protective equipment (3)determine what happened and what cuased the injury (4)determine the number of victims (5)determine what additional help may be needed |
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What is done during the initial assesment?
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check the victim for conciousness and obtain consent, check for signs of life (movement and breathing), check for pulse, check for severe bleeding
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What is it called if a victim stops breathing?
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Respiratory distress
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What is it called if a victim stops breathing?
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Respiratory arrest/failure
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What is a condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the cells?
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Hypoxia
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Which situations would you call first?
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in cardiac emergencies- an unconcious adult (12 years or older), or an unconciouus child or infant known to be at high risk for heart problems
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What is care first? and which situations would you care first?
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care first to provide 2 minutes of care and then call 911, you would care first are likely related to breathing emergencies- an unconcious infant or child (younger than 12 years old), any victim of drowning or noonfatal submersion, any victim who has suffered cardiac arread associated with trauma, any victim who has has a drug overdose.
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what are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
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face-weakness on one side of the face
arm- weakness or numbness in one arm speech- slurred speech or trouble getting words out |
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What 3 situations are the only time you should move an injured victim?
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(1)the scene becomes unsafe
(2)you have to reach another victim with more serious injuries (3)you need to provide proper care |
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What are 7 things a rescuer should consider when moving a victim?
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(1)victims height and weight
(2)physical strength of the rescuer (3)obstacles (4)distance to be moved (5)whether others are available to help (6)victim's condition (7)whether aids to transport are readily available |
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What are 5 ways to to move a victim?
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(1)clothes darg
(2)2 person seat carry (3)foot drag (4)walking assist (5)pack-strap carry |
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When should you use an autoinjector of a victim? (5)
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(1)the victim relates a history or allergies or allergic reactions
(2)the victim is having an allergic reaction (3)the victim requests assistance to administer epinephrine (4)the victim provides the auto-injector (5)the victim has a family member who relates a victimm's hisptory of allergies and provides the victim's auto-injector |
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What are 6 things you should do before administering epinephrine to the victim?
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(1)summon more advanced medical care
(2)check the label to ensure the prescriptionn is for the victim (3)ensure that the person has not already taken epinephrine (4)ensure the prescription hasnt expired (5)ensure the medication is clear and not cloudy or discolored (6)read and follow instructions provided with the auto-injector |
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What is it called if a victim has difficult breathing?
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Respiratory distress
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What is it called if a victim stops breathing?
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Respiratory arrest/failure
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What is a condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the cells?
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Hypoxia
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what is it called if a victim has difficult breathing?
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respiratory distress
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What are the signs and symptoms of respiratory distress? (11)
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slow or rapid breathing, shallow or deep breathing, shortness of breath or noisy breathing, gasping for breath, wheezing, dizziness, changes in the levels of conciousness, increased heart rate, chest pain, skin that is ashen, pale, or blue, tingling in the hands and feet
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what is it called when a person stops breathing?
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respiratory arrest/failure
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What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxia? (5)
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increased breathing and heart rates, cyanosis, changes in the level of concouusness, restlessness, and chest pain.
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what is a condition in whcih insufficient oxygen reaches the cells?
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hypoxia
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what conditions can cause respiratory distress?
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ashthma, emphysema, and anaphylactic shock
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When you find a victim having difficulty breathing, what are the 6 things you should do?
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(1)summon advanced medical personnel (2)help the vicitm rest in a comfotable position that makes breathing easier (3)reassure and comfort the victim (4)asist the victim with any of his or her prescribes medication (5)keep the vicimt from getting chilled or overheated (6)give emergency oxygen
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what is an irregular gasping or shallow breath called?
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agonal breath
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what are the benefits of a resuscitation mask? (4)
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(1)supply air to the vicimt more quickly through both the nose and mouth
(2)create a seal over the victim's mouth and nose (3)can be connected to emergency oxygen (4)protect against disease transmission when giving rescue breaths |
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what are the characteristics of a resuscitation mask? (6)
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(1)be easy to assemble and use
(2)be made of transparent, pliable material that allows you to make a tight seal of the victims mouth and nose (3)have a one way valve (4)have a standard 15 or 22-mm coupling assembly (5)have an inlet for delivering emergency oxygen (6)work well under different environmental conditionns |
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When should you suspect a head, neck, or back injury? (6)
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If the victim was
(1)involved in a motro vehicole crash (2)was injured as a result of a fall greater tahn a standing height (3)complains of neck or back painn, tingling, or weakness (4)is not fully alert (5)appears to be intoxicated (6)appears 65 or older or looks frail |
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what signs and symptoms should you check for in a possible head, neck or back injury victim? (12)
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changes in the levels of consciousness
severe pain or pressure in the head, neck, or back loss of balance partial or complete loss of moevement of any body part tingling persistant headache unusual bumps on the head neck or back seizures blood in the ears or nose heavy external bleeding of the head neck or back impaired breathing or vision nausea bruising of the head |
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when does an anatomical obstrution occur?
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when the airway is blocked by an anatomical structure, such as the tongue or swollen tissues of he mouth and throat
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when does a mechanical obstruction occur?
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when a foreign object, such as a piece of food or a small toy, or fluids block the airway
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What are the 4 steps of the cardiac chain of survival?
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(1)early recognition of the emergency and early access to EMS
(2)early CPR (3)early defibrillation (4)early advances medical care |
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What are the sysmtpoms of a heart attack (MI, myocardial infarction)?
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Discomfort, pressure, or pain; pain that comes and goes, trouble breathing; and the skin may be pale, ashen or blue; or the victim may be sweating heavily or feel dizzy
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how might the victim describe the pain in the chest during a heart attack?
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as pressure, squeezing, tightness, aching, or heaviness
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Where might the pain from a heart attack spread to?
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the jaw, neck, back, shoulder, and arm
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Is the pain from a heart attack relieved by changing positions or taking medicine?
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not usually
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What type of chest pain reequires medical care at once?
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chest pain that is severe and lasts longer than 3-5 minutes, goes away and comes back
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what is chest pain or pressure that goes away and comes back called?
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angine pectoris
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What are the 8 steps to take if you think someone is having a heart attack?
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(1)take immediate action and summon advances medical care
(2)have the victim stop what they are doing and rest (3)loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing (4)closely monitor the abcs and notice any changes in the victims appearance or behavior (5)comfort the victim (6)if medically appropraite give aspirin (7)assist the victim with their prescribes medication and give emergency oxygen (8)be prepared to give CPR or use an AED |
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What you should do before administering aspirin?
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ask the victim if (1)they are allergic to aspirin (2)if they have any stomach ulcers or diseases (3)if they are taking any blood thinners (4)if they have been told be a doctor not to take aspirin
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If the victim answers no to all of the questions you ask before administering aspirin, what should you do?
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offer them 2 chewable 163-mg baby aspirins or one 325mg adult aspirin
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what is cardiac arrest and what are the signs and symptoms of it?
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it is a life threatening emergency that occurs when the heart stops beathing or is beating too irrgularly or weakly to circulate blood effectively. signs include unconsciousness, no movement or breathing, and no pulse
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