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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Great Circle |
shortest distance between two points |
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Rhumb line |
curved line that cuts all meridians at same angle |
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Northernly turning error |
Compass leads when turning from southerly headings and lags whens turning from northernly headings No errors turning east and west headings |
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Acceleration/Decleration Errors |
ANDS acceleration = north deceleration = south no error on north or south headings |
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VNC |
1:500,000 Lambert Conformal Conic Straight line between two points is great circle Angles between meridians and parallels will be same on map as ground |
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WAC |
1:1,000,000 Lambert Conformal Conic Straight lines are great circles, angles of meridian s to parallels same on ground as map |
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VTA |
1:250,000 Transverse Mercator |
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Blue Shaded area means? |
Controlled Airspace Always exists 12500' and above If base not specified it is at 2200' AGL Jagged blue line denotes change in floor |
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RCO |
Remote Communications Outlet data box joined by line to the site - half box |
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Standard Frequency |
126.7 and/or 121.5 MHz |
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Enroute Low Altitude Charts |
Lambert Conformal Conic , straight line is a great circle |
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Lo Chart - Green Hatched areas |
Controlled airspace above 12500' |
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Lo Chart - Green shaded areas |
Indicate uncontrolled class G airspace to 18,000' |
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Lo Chart - White areas |
controlled airspace below 18,000' |
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Lo Chart - AMA |
Area Min Altitudes - provide 2000' clearance over obstacles |
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MOCA & MEA |
MOCA - Min Obsturction Clearance Alt marked by asterisk, alt above sea level meet IFR obstruction clearance, outside DMA 1000' clearance within 5NM MEA - Min enroute Altitudes, alt above sea level between fixes that assures acceptable navigational coverage and meet IFR obstruction clearance reqs |
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Lo Chart - VHF/UHF |
depicted in black ink - VOR to VOR |
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Lo Chart - LF/MF |
Airways in green |
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Lo Chart - MRA |
Min Reception Altitude - used for VHF/UHF intersections |
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One-in-Sixty Rule |
being 1 NM off course if travelling 60miles you are 1 degree off miles off/total = degrees off/60 |
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Homing & Trscking |
Home to VOR - tune and ident - centre the CDI with OBS "to" indication - fly heading to maintain the track |
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Intercept a track using VOR |
- Tune & Ident - select track using OBS - orient a/c to be parallel to track - If CDI is to the right of centre - add desired intercept to current heading - if CDI is to the left of centre subtract desired intercept angle |
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Home using ADF |
- tune and ident - note relative bearing to NDB and run a/cso it is relative bearing 360 Push the head, pull the tail Intercepting a track FROM (45) the NDB - pull the tail Intercepting a track TO (90) the NDB - push the head |
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Tracking a ADF |
MH + RB = MB |
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Time to Station |
time sec for degree change / number of degrees change |
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Distance to Station |
TAS x time to station (min) / 60 |
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VOR transmission |
108-117.95 MHz Two signals - non directional reference phase and rotating variable phase every 30 sec. OBS, CDI, dots of 10 degrees each side, with 2 per, TO or FROM Testing Transmits line of sight 1.23 x square of alt above transmitter Not subject to storm induced needle oscillations |
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ADF |
low frequency, NDB Homing function - needle points to station Not limited to Line of Sight - good for low level navigation Errors - quadrantal error - Needle Oscillation - Night Effect - Terrain Effect - Mountain Effect - Ore Deposits |
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RAIM |
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring - 5 measurements |
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PRS |
Primary Surveillance Radar - based on radar reflections and can detect weather precipitation |
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SSR |
Secondary Surveillance Radar cannot provide position information if there is no transponder |
