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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the definition of Systems Analysis?
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Systems Analysis is a set of tools and techniques for understanding an organization's current operating environment in order to improve a process or outcome through the use of IT.
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Systems analysis is critical in organizations as it helps to identify if technology is aligned with the goals of the organization and that it will deliver anticipated benefits.
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Is systems analysis only about implementing technology?
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No. It involves analyzing people, processes, and technology to assess how all three will be part of a technology solution.
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This is the three legged stool, "people", "processes" and "technology". This is the current model for healthcare systems analysis.
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What are the four steps in SDLC?
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1. Systems analysis
2. Systems design 3. Systems implementation 4. Systems operation |
4. Systems operation is also Systems Maintenance...
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What three questions should a system analysis answer?
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Why is this initiative important?
What value do we expect? How will this advance the broader goals of the organization? |
This is done by performing the following three tasks:
1. Problem statement 2. Needs assessment 3. Cost-benefit analysis |
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What is the Strategic Information Systems Plan?
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A statement of the organization's vision for how it will deploy technology to advance the mission, goals and objectives of the business itself.
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It is the document that defines which IT projects are being performed and why.
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What are the five phases of systems analysis?
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1. Problem Analysis
2. Preliminary Investigation: Needs Assessment and Feasibility Analysis 3. Requirements Analysis: Current State and Future State Analysis 4. Analysis of Alternatives 5. Proposal/Approval: Proposal and Executive Presentation |
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Per six sigma, what are the four components of a clear problem statement?
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1. Define the problem
2. Identify where the problem is occurring 3. Describe the size of the problem 4. Describe the impact of the problem on the healthcare organization. |
1. Define: What is the prob.
2. Where: which room, floor..etc 3. Size: 1 room, unit(s)..etc 4. Impact: severity of the problem |
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What is a Symptomatic Cause of a problem?
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It is what APPEARS to be causing the problem, and not really the actual "root" cause.
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Sometimes the symptomatic and root causes are the same.
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What is the Root Cause of a problem?
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The actual cause of the problem which if fixed will stop the issue from occurring.
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What is Needs Assessment?
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Needs assessment involves studying the needs of a department, process or the organization as a whole to determine what, if any technology solutions(s) should be considered to deliver benefits and value.
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It is not a full blown analysis if the prob, but a quick review of what a possible solution could be and how it will provide a benefit.
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What are five methods that can be used to conducts a Needs Assessment?
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Interviews
Review of Documentation Observation Surveys Data Analysis |
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What is the meaning of Feasibility Analysis?
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It asks the questions, even though we don't have an exact solution identified, does the org have enough resources (people, funds, dedicated time) to take on a project successfully?
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What is the output of Needs Assessment?
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1. The need or potential value of a solution
2. The scope of solution. 3. Whether the solution is feasible at this time. |
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What are business requirements?
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Business requirements are a more detailed description of what the system should do, including defining inputs, outputs, processing performance, and security
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This is the detailed "What" of the solution. What the end users need.
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How do you effectively elicit requirements?
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By holding requirements workshops with individuals involved in a particular process and guided by a facilitator to describe in detail their processes.
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This is establishing a Current State.
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What are three methods/tools to model a Current State?
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1. Activity Diagrams
2. Data Flow Diagrams 3. Flowchart (Complex activity diagrams) |
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What is Current State Analysis?
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It is identifying the current processes and system deficiencies.
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Focus on current processes and system abilities only, and not let the group starting talking about any future enhancements.
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What is Future State Analysis?
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Development of the requirements of what the system should do in the future.
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This is the "What" of the solution and more importantly NOT the "How" of the solution. The "How" is in the design phase.
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What is one good tool/technique for future state analysis?
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By making "Use-Cases", analysts can model different scenarios of future requirements.
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Use-Cases can contain text, diagrams, and even detailed descriptions.
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What are three important things to communicate about gathered requirements?
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1. Clearly communicate to stakeholders how the solution will bridge the gap between current and future state and if workflow changes will be necessary
2. Organizing the requirements as "Needs" and "Wants". 3. A sign-off from stakeholders after a "walk-through" of the requirements and anticipated process changes has occurred. |
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What are the 3 components of Analysis of Alternative?
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1. Do nothing approach: Estimate what the impact to the healthcare org would be if nothing was done.
2. Enhance the Existing Solution: is to implement the solution to enhance/replace the existing solution. 3. Partially Implement the Solution |
1. Will pt safety be impacted, will the org be able to absorb any negative impact of not implementing, etc?
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What is Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)?
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Cost-Benefit Analysis is comparing the anticipated benefits of the solution with the costs associated to implement it. Is the solution worth the cost? Will it fit into organizations resources limits?
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Typically the CBA is done over a 5-year period to calculate a return on investment.
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In a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), what are Tangible and Intangible benefits?
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1. Tangible benefits are those where you can assign a dollar value to it. [eg. faster transactions, less errors]
2. Intangible benefits are where you cannot assign a cost/price to it. [eg. improved pt safety, better user experience, increased pt satisfaction] |
Examples of Intangible benefits are:
- Improves patient safety - Increases patient satisfaction with services |
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What is the purpose of the Executive Presentation?
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To present the solution to decision-makers for a go, no-go decision.
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Depending on what the solution is mostly focused on, the presenter can be a CFO, a Senior Clinical Representative or appropriate representative.
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What are the 5 phases of a project according to the principles of Project Management?
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Project:
1. Initiation 2. Planning 3. Execution 4. Monitoring and Controlling 5. Closing |
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When analyzing a problem, which of the following would be a component of the initial description of the problem?
A. vendor product release notes B. impact on the organization C. results of the root cause analysis D. description of upgrade project |
B. The initial problem statement should describe the problem, where it is occurring, how frequently or to what degree it occurs, and what its impact is
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The IT strategic plan is intended to
1. fund specific initiatives 2. align with th ebusiness goals of the broader organization 3. define the technology future of the organization 4. establish major direction and initiatives for the organization A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 3, 4 C. 1, 2, 4 D. 1, 3, 4 |
B. Funding specific initiatives is not typically part of the strategic plan, but rather the budgeting process that follows development of the plan.
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The chair of the radiology department believes that the department requires a new PACS. The FIRST step for the group appointed to research solutions is to
A. develop a strategic systems plan for the radiology department B. identify and reach out to vendors to begin examining products C. develop a project plan for implementing the solution. D. conduct a needs assessment to validate the need for a solution. |
D. A needs assessment is the most appropriate first step to ensure that the solution needs for the department and the wider organization are adequately understood.
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Detailed analysis of the existing and anticipated workflow needed to support an initiative should occur in which step of the analysis stage?
A. needs assessment B. problem analysis C. requirements definition D. feasibility study |
C. Detailed analysis of workflow is best conducted as part of the requirements definition.
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A health plan is considering replacement of its applications for processing claims. Which of the following are the most important considerations in developing a proposal for executive management?
1. strategic information systems plan 2. ability of the current vendor to support an upgrade 3. needs assessment 4. current programming environment 1. 1 and 3 2. 2 and 4 3. 1 and 2 4. 3 and 4 |
A. a strategic plan and needs assessment are elements that should be considered in the proposal. The vendor capabilities and programming environment are considered once the proposal has been accepted.
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An organization is planning a requirements analysis for a clinical decision support solution. Among the stakeholders invited to participate are the chair of the department of medicine, the medical informaticist and a nurse. Which of the following individuals would be the MOST appropriate to add to the team?
A. head of pharmacy B. phsycian consultant experienced in clinical decision support systems C. physician currently practicing in the hospital D. representative of the vendor of the clinical system |
C. A physician who is practicing in the hospital is needed in the requirements phase to assist with current and future state analysis, both as a subject matter expert and to lend credibility to the findings among the medical staff.
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Which of the following is NOT a risk in the analysis phase?
A. approval is based on unenthusiastic commitment to the benefits. B. data definitions are not adequately understood C. a key requirement is omitted. D. a major cost item is underestimated. |
Data definitions are a detail that is not analyzed until the design phase.
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A problem has occurred with the program that creates labels for lab specimens for the transplant unit. The error could cause a mix-up in patient specimens. The root cause of the problem is not know. Which of the following options should be considered?
1. Implement a system workaround 2. Make no changes until the root cause is determined 3. Drop back to a manual process 4. Shift to a different lab system. A. 1 or 2 B. 2 or 4 C. 1 or 3 D. 3 or 4 |
C. A workaround is acceptable when the root cause is not known and patient safety is at stake. Changing the process to drop back to a manual process is also acceptable. Waiting for root cause determination or shifting to a different lab system is not acceptable given the patient safety implications.
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A surgical practice is considering implementing an electronic health record while maintaining its existing practice management system. It also wants to add connectivity to exchange orders and results with a large laboratory and the local hospital. In document requirements, which of the following would be an appropriate tool?
A. network communications diagram B. data flow diagram C. Gantt chart D. Entity relationship diagram |
B. Data Flow diagram is useful in examining the data shared between applications and trading partners. An entity relationship diagram is more appropriately used in the design phase of the project.
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The pharmacy department in a large healthcare system is conducting a requirements study for a new solution for ordering and dispensing medications. Which of the following should be done in the requirements analysis?
1. Consider standards for integration with other systems 2. Develop a short list of potential vendors 3. Develop a test plan 4. Identify deficiencies in the current process. A. 2 and 3 B. 2 and 4 C. 1 and 3 D. 1 and 4 |
D. Assessing standards and identifying deficiencies are both important parts of developing requirements.
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A physician practice network determined that its practice management system is under-billing. Because there are other problems with the system, the practice conducts a requirements analysis and determines that the system should be replaced. When considering alternatives to replacing the system, which of the following would be the LEAST likely to be presented?
A. continue with the existing system B. outsource the billing function C. upgrade the existing system D. implement an electronic health record system |
D. Implementing an electronic health record system would have no impact on the problem. While continuing with the existing system would not address the problem, the "do nothing" approach is usually considered as part of a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives.
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Which of the following would NOT be included in a project charter?
A. Budget B. Work breakdown structure C. Designation of the project manager D. High level scope |
B. The work breakdown structure is typically included in the detailed project plan.
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What is a SWOT analysis?
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Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
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