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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microcirculation Fxns
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food, gas, toilet, air, homeostasis
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microcirculation structure
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unicellular layer of endothelial cells surrounded by basement MB, solute and water move across capillary wall via intercellular cleft or by plasmalemma vesicles
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Arterial components
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arterioles--> terminal arterioles--> metarterioles--> capillary
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Venous components
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venous capillary--> post capillary venules--> collecting venule--> muscular venule
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Endothelium properties
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dynamic, heterogenous, disseminated organ that possesses vital secretory, synthetic, metabolic, and immunologic fxns
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Endothelial cell properties
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1. selective permeable barrier
2. prevention of thrombus formation (prostacyclin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) 3. formation of throbs following tissue damage (tissue type plasminogen activator, TXA2, PECAM) 4. Modulation of blood flow (BP regulation) [PGI2, prostacyclin, NO, angiotensin II) 5. Regulation of immune response (MCP1, LIF, TNFa, IL6, IL8) 6. angiogenesis regulation (thrombospondin-antiangiogenic, ephrin B) |
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Endothelial cell fxns
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regulates clotting, BP, formation/angiogenesis, acts as its own stem cell
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Endothelium Fxn
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1. vasoconstriction/dilation--> controls BP
2. blood clotting 3. angiogenesis 4. inflammation and swelling/edema 4. transit of white blood cells |
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Bulk flow = ultrafiltration
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bidirectional movement of plasma water thru vessels
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platelets
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produced in bone marrow
contains serotonin, prostagladin, ADP, clotting factors, lysosomal enzymes--> aggregate |
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Plasma protein
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albumin, globulin, fibrinogen--> regulates osmotic pressure
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microcirculation fxn
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1. transport cells, nutrients
2. regulate body temperature |
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Types of capillaries
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1. continuous
2. fenestrated 3. sinusoids |
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continuous capillaries
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intercellular clefts are gaps btw neighboring cells, SKM, smooth m., CT and lungs
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fenestrated capillaries
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plasma MB w/ holes
kidneys, SI, choroid plexus, ciliary process and endocrine glands |
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sinusoids
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very large fenestrations
incomplete basement MB liver, bone marrow, spleen, anterior pituitary, parathryoid gland |
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capillary vasomotion fxn
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regulated by pre capillary sphincters, [O2], adenosine (indicator of lack of O2 to myocardium)
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sinusoids
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very large fenestrations
incomplete basement MB liver, bone marrow, spleen, anterior pituitary, parathryoid gland |
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hypoxia endothelial cell rxn
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hypoxia/stress/ischemia--> endothelin--> ca2+ release--> increased smooth m. tone
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Normal endothelium interactions
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aggregating platelets--> TXA2 + 5-HT--> contract smooth m. and vasoconstriction--> ADP and +5-HT--> endothelial release of potent vasodilators (NO, prostacyclin)==> smooth m. relaxation
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capillary vasomotion fxn
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regulated by pre capillary sphincters, [O2], adenosine (indicator of lack of O2 to myocardium)
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dysfxnal endothelium interactions
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impaired release of vasodilators--> smooth m. contract
also reduce antiplatelet effects--> thrombosis |
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hypoxia endothelial cell rxn
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hypoxia/stress/ischemia--> endothelin--> ca2+ release--> increased smooth m. tone
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Normal endothelium interactions
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aggregating platelets--> TXA2 + 5-HT--> contract smooth m. and vasoconstriction--> ADP and +5-HT--> endothelial release of potent vasodilators (NO, prostacyclin)==> smooth m. relaxation
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dysfxnal endothelium interactions
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impaired release of vasodilators--> smooth m. contract
also reduce antiplatelet effects--> thrombosis |
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vascular smooth m. contraction
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ca2+ release--> myosin light chain kinase--> phosphorylate myosin--> cross bridges w/ actin--> tension
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stable vs. vulnerable plaque
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large lipid pool and thin fibrous cap and inflammation (CRP)--> vulnerable plaque--> acute MI
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