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37 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Why is PO medicine not adequate to treat ophthalmic disorders?
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B/c they have poor penetration to the eye.
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How do you counsel a patient to administer eye drops?
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7 steps:
1) wash hands thoroughly, cleanse area around eye, remove contact lenses. 2) tilt head back. 3) grasp lower eyelid and create a small pocket. 4) w/o touching your eye, place dropper over the eye. 5) look up, apply drop, and slowly release the eyelid. 6) close the eye and tilt your head towards the floor, place your finger gently over your tear duct opening and hold for several minutes. 7) blot excess drops with clean tissue |
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How do you counsel a patient to administer eye ointments?
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7 steps:
1) wash hands thoroughly, clean area around eye, remove contact lens. 2) tilt head back. 3) grasp lower eyelid and create a small pocket. 4) place tube over the eye and with a sweeping motion apply 1/4 to 1/2 inch of ointment inside the lower eyelid w/o touching the eye. 5) slowly release eyelid 6) close the eye for 1-2 minutes 7) blot excess ointment away with clean tissue, vision may be temporarily blurred. |
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What's the first thing to check for before applying eye drops or ointment?
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Expiration date of medication.
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How long should you wait before applying different eye drops?
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5 minutes
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If you are using a suspension product and a solution to treat your eye, which one do you use first?
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Use the solution first. Suspension is always applied last.
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How long should you wait before applying ointment after eye drops?
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10 minutes
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List some reasons when a referral is warranted.
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Hx of trauma or recent surgery,
Exposure to chemicals or heat, Severe/unusual eye pain, Purulent discharge or crusting, Sx > 72 hours, Sx worsening, Blurred/Decreased/Changes in vision, Sensitivity to light, Ocular nodules or growths, Hx wearing contact lenses. |
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How do you obtain an accurate patient history for an ocular patient?
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Ask for pt's demographic info:
Age, Gender, Occupation, Habits (diet, cosmetic use, outdoor exposure), Concomitant Medical Conditions, Glasses or Contacts, Allergies, and any Eye Surgery medications. Then Characterize the complaint: One or Both Eyes, Onset, Duration, Severity, Frequency of Occurrence, and any other Symptoms |
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What eye ailment is associated with T-cell mediated inflammation?
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Dry Eyes
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What drugs can induce dry eyes?
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Anti-depressants, diuretics, beta-blockers, etc.
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What are sx of dry eyes?
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Sandy, gritty feeling, or sensation that something is present in the eye.
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What are some non-Pharmacologic treatments for dry eyes?
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Avoid environments that increase tear evaporation,
Use Humidifiers, Avoid prolonged viewing of computer screens, Eye protection, Punctal plugs |
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What are some Pharmacologic treatments for dry eyes?
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Non-medicated ointments,
Gels, Artificial tears |
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How can you distinguish b/t allergic, bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?
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Allergic conjunctivitis is itchy whereas the others are not.
Bacterial conjunctivitis has a purulent discharge whereas the other ones have watery discharges. Viral conjunctivitis are accompanied with flu like syndrome, a fever and nodes whereas the other ones do not. |
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How do you treat allergic, bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?
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Viral is self-limiting, just manage the sx.
Bacterial requires Rx antibiotics. Allergic has Rx and non-Rx treatments available to them. |
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When do you refer with allergic, bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?
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For Bacterial, you refer immediately (b/c it is contagious).
For viral, refer if sx are unresolved in 2 weeks. For allergic, if non-drug or OTC measures fail (or compliance issues). |
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What are the sx for allergic conjunctivitis?
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Itchy eyes with excessive tearing, blurred vision due to tearing, conjunctival inflammation.
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What are some Non-Pharmacologic Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?
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Avoiding allergens,
Apply cold compresses TID, Checking pollen count, keeping windows closed, Air filters |
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What are some Pharmacologic treatments for allergic conjunctivitis?
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– Artificial tears
– Local Antihistamine – Systemic Antihistamines – Mast-cell stabilizer – Decongestants (maximum of 72 hours) |
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What are some non-Pharmacologic treatments for viral conjunctivitis?
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Contagious for 1 week, use proper hygiene such as hand washing, avoid towel sharing, avoid contact lenses.
Cold compresses for symptoms. |
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What are some Pharmacologic treatments for viral conjunctivitis?
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Symptom relief through artificial tears and decongestants.
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What are some Pharmacologic treatments for bacterial conjunctivitis?
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None, refer to MD.
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How do you treat minor eye irritation (i.e. due to smog, fumes, chlorine, etc)?
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Artificial tears, Ointments
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How do you treat chemical burns (i.e. due to exposure to acid, detergents, etc)?
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Refer to emergency room!
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How do you treat lice infestation of the eyelid?
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Refer to MD, pt will be asked to clean eyelid with a lid scrub 4-5x qd. Lice shampoo cannot be used on the eyes.
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How does lice infestation manifest in the eyelids?
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Crusting, itching, and burning.
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What are the sx of blepharitis?
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Itching and burning, crusting of the eye in the morning.
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How do you treat Blepharitis?
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Eyelid hygeine,
Warm compresses x 15 to 20 minutes 2 to 4 times daily |
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What are some pharmacological treatments for Blepharitis?
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Follow eye compresses with lid scrubs.
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What is a Hordeolum? How do you treat it?
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Hordeolum is an infx of a gland or duct of the eyelid and it manifests as a red swelling.
Tx is warm compresses 3-4x daily. Usually clears in one week. May eventually require antibiotics though. |
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What is a Chalazion? How do you treat it?
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Chalazion is a small bump in the eyelid caused by a blockage of a
tiny oil gland. Tx is the same as for hordeolum (warm compresses 3-4x daily for about a week). May require incision and drainage. |
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What are the pharmacological tx options for corneal edema? Any side effects?
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Hypertonic solutions in 2% or 5%,
Hypertonic ointment in 5%. Begins with 2% solutions 4x qd, progresses to 5% ointment used at night. 5% solution can 4x qd may be added to the nightly ointment regimen. SE: stinging and burning |
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What is the leading cause of blindness in the US?
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Age-related macular degeneration
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What are the classifications for age-related macular degeneration?
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"Wet" and "Dry"; refers to presence or absence of abnormal blood vessel growth around the retina.
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How can you treat age-related age-related macular degeneration?
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No cure; tx aimed to slow down progression of disease.
Vitamin formulations decrease progression by ~25%. Wet form typically treated with intravitreous drug therapy by retinal specialists. |
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行為
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/(n) act/deed/conduct/(P)/
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[こうい]
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