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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are Valence Electrons?
Electrons occupying the outermost energy level
What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
ionic bonds transfer e-, while covalent share e-
What is the octet rule?
Main group A elements acquire a complete octed in their outershell during bonding. Transition metals do not follow this. For hydrogen only 1 electron the duet rule applies.
Shared Electron =
Octet Electrons
What are resonance structures?
structures in which double bonds and or triple bonds between atoms make for structure that resonates between two or three simple structures.

- not differnet molecules
- arise when two lewis structures are equally possible
- only electrons can be shifted. atoms cannot be moved
What are some exceptions to the octet rule?
Hydrogen- Duet Rule
Boron- 6 electrons
Be- 4 electrons
Odd electron species- free radiacals
Paramagnetic
What is a free radical?
molecule with an odd number of electrons.

- do not have completed octet and often undergo vigorous redox reactions.
- can kill cells if produced within
Valence Shell Repulsion Theory
the idea geometry of a molecule is determined by the way the electron pairs orient themselves in space.

- the orientation of e- pairs arises from electron repulsions
- the electron pairs spread out so as to minimize repulsion
A-X-E notation
A= central atom
X= terminal atom
E= lone pair
Linear
Bond angles 180
ex: Co2
o=c=o

SP
Bent (Angular)
degrees--

Geometry --
Hybridization--
AX2 E2 - Geometry

Sp3 - Hybridization

104.5- Degrees
Polar
Triagonal Planer
AX3 - Geometry
120 degrees
Sp2 - Hybridization
Trigonal Pyramidal
Ax3E- Geometry
Hybridization- Sp3
107- degreez
T-Shaped
Ax3E2 - Geometry
Hybridization -sp3d
Tetrahedral
AX4
Sp3
109.5
Bond angles in an octahedral
90 in and and out of plane
180 between diametrically oposite atoms and the central atom.
Valence Bond Theory
unpaired electrons from one atom pair with unpaired electrons from another atom and give rise to chemical bonds
Sigma bonds
all single bonds
Double
1 pie bond
Triple
1 sigma 1 pie.