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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Remembering
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Recalling or recognizing specific information
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Understanding
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Being able to interpret, summarize or support information.
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Applying
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Using strategies, concepts, principles and theories in new situations.
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Analyzing
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Breaking information down into its component elements.
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Evaluating
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Judging the value of ideas, materials, and methods by developing and applying standards and criteria.
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Creating
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Putting together ideas or elevents to develop an original idea or engage in creative thinking.
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What is passive Listening?
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hearing sounds but not focusing on what's being said.
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What is active listening?
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paying attention to the meaning of whats being heard.
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What does the acronim LISTEN stand for?
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L-Look ahead; I-Identify importance; S-Set up; T-Tune in; E-Examine; N-Notes
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What is the 4 part structure of a lecture?
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Introduction, thesis statement, Body of information with examples, and Summary.
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How do we look ahead?
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Read before class; come prepared
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How do we identify importance?
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Have a positive attitude; why is it important; make a conscience effort to stay motivated; and ask & answer questions.
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How do we set up?
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Sit where we can hear the instructor; come rested and not hungry or thirsty; turn off electronics.
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How do we tune in?
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Clear mind of distractions; Sit up, lean forward, track instructor; maintain present moment.
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How do we examine?
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Engage in material; Check for understanding; Paraphrase instructor
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How do we take notes?
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Write while listening; review; sumarize.
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What is Concentration?
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Ability to direct and focus ones thinking
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What is concentration span?
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Time spent on concentrating before thoughts wander
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What are concentration skills?
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Techniques to improve concentration.
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What are the three levels of concentration?
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Light concentration; Moderate concentration; Deep concentration.
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Show the concentration span during a poor study session.
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5min/LC ; 5min/MC ; 5min/LC ; 5min/MC ; Give up
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What are the causes of poor concentration?
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Lack of attention and anxiety; Lack of interest & motivation; Distractions.
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What are the two types of distractions?
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External >> Others, temprature, noises; Internal >> Physical discomfort, daydreaming.
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Show the concentration span during an ideal study session.
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5min/LC ; 5min/MC ; 45min/DC "the zone" ; 15min/study break
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What do concentration skills depend on?
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Commitment; Enthusiasm for the task; Environment; Physical state; Emotional and psychological state; Skill at doing the task.
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Concentration skills to practice are?
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Stop yourself and refocus a wandering mind; Attend to the task using tunnel vision; Active listening by engaging in the lecture; Worry time must be set aside during a specific time.
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To have a healthy brain there are 4 elements you need. What are they?
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Nutrition; Oxygen; Hydration; Sleep
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Name some Brain foods?
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Eggs, fruits (especially berries), vegetables, nuts (almonds & sunflower), fish (salmon), quinoa.
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Name the 3 functions learning and memory have?
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Acquisition; Consolidation (during sleep); Retrieval.
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What happens to your memory while you sleep?
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Consolidation- during sleep the neural pathways strengthen after the hippocampus has stored our memories.
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Tips to get sleep?
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Set a regular bedtime; Avoid exercise before bedtime; Avoid caffeine 3-6 hrs before bedtime; Exercise regularly; Establish a relaxing routine; Go to sleep in darkness & wake up with bright light; Turn off electronic devices.
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Who developed the Cornell note taking system?
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Walter Pauk PhD in Psych & Education (1950's)
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What are the three areas in a Cornell Note Worksheet?
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Questions; Notes; Summary
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What is Chunking?
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Reading a small section at a time.
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Why cant you read an entire page at once?
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The Brian can only hold a limited amount of information at one time (7 ideas, numbers or concepts)
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How do you talk to the text?
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Ask whats happening? Who is it happening to? Wha are they talking aboutt? Where does it take place? Whydoes this happen? When does this happen? How does this happen? What does it all mean?
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What is P2R?
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Preview; Read; Review
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What does preview mean?
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Go over headings, bold text, pictures, charts/graphs.
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What does active reading entail?
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Underline, highlight, take notes.
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How do you review material you’ve just read?
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Write and answer questions about the text
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What are the 5 steps to SQ3R
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Survey; Question; Read; Recite; Review
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What is S-RUN-R
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Survey; Read; Underline; Note Take; Review
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What is SPUNKI?
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What did you find Surprising, Puzzeling, New, Know already, Interesting?
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What is Kriticos?
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Thinking based on intelectual standards to determine truth or value.
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What are the 7 intelectual standards?
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Clear- being clear & understandable; Accurate- using facts; Precision- exactness of details/specifics; Relevance- appropriate related facts; Depth- attention to complexities; Breadth- Considering different points of view; Logic- rationally makes sense.
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What are the 5 steps to Critical Thinking?
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Ask questions; Gather data; Process information; Reason logically; Com to conclusion.
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What is Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy?
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6 levels of learning which describe levels of thinking or intelectual behavior.
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What are the lower order thinking skills from Bloom's Taxonomy?
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Remembering; Understanding; Applying.
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What are Bloom's taxonomy higher order thinking skills?
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Analyzing; Evaluating; Creating.
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What is REBT?
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Rational-Emotive Behavioral Theory
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Who was REBT developed by?
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Developed by psychologist Albert Ellis, PhD. Columbia University
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What is the ABC model?
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A = Activating event; B = Beliefs about the event; C = Consequence (emotional and/or behavioral)
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How does D & E affect the ABC model?
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D= Distrupts irrational belief and substitutes a rational belief; E= Effect - a new emotional or behavioral consequence.
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Name the two people who developed the Emotional Intelligence theory?
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Dr. John Mayer of University of New Hampshire & Dr. Peter Salovery of Yale University.
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Define Emotional Intellegence.
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The ability to identify and manage your own emotions, and to react effectively to the emotions of others.
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What are the componets of Emotional IQ?
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Emotional Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management.
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What are the 4 most common emotions experienced by college students?
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Overwhlmed; Anger; Anxiety; Sadness
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How should one go about managing the feelings of being overwhelmed?
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Separate from source of stressor; List & prioritize to do list; Delete time wasters; Say "no"; Keep expenditures in check and maintain financial stability.
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How should one manage anxiety?
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Use relaxation techniques; Prepare thououghly; Carry a comforting memento; Consult with a professional.
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How should one manage sadness?
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Connect with family and friends; Help another person in need; Focus on positives; Exercise; Create a gratitude list.
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Which part of the brain is involved with stress?
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The Limbic System
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What part of the limbic system is responsible for processing emotion?
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Amygdala
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What is an Adrenaline rush?
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The release of Epinephrine and adrenaline from your adrenal glands.
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What is the flight or fight resopnse?
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When the body senses danger it prepares itself to RUN or to STAND and fight.
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What happens if stress continues for more than a couple of minutes?
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A chemical called cortisol is released and essentially shuts down the hippocampus.
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What does stress doto the hippocampus?
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Stress diverts glucoseand O2 headed for the hippocampus to the muscles to prepare for fight or flight.
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Why is the loss of O2 and Glucose so bad for hippocampus?
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Memory is affected because it's not getting the nutirents needed.
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Prologed stress negatively affects:
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Learning, memory, and thinking; Blood pressure; Skin; Sleep and weight; Sexual function and reproduction; Growth; Innume system; Thyroid, blood sugar, and bone density.
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What happens when stress is resolved?
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Hormones suppress cortisol and bring remnants back to the kidneys to be processed which eventually returns your body to homeostasis.
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What is Homeostatsis?
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Balance between stress and relaxation.
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What organ is in charge of homeostasis?
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Hypothalamus.
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What is the SNS
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Sympathetic Nervous System which controls Fight or Flight response.
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What is PNS?
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Parasympathetic Nervous System which promotes relaxation and digestion.
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How can stress be helpful?
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a little bit of stress can help creative thinking and productivity.
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What does too little stress lead to?
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Boredom and unproductivity
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What are some techniques to manage stress?
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Deep breathing; Body scan; Guided visual imagery.
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What is Chunking?
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The strategy of breaking down information into bite-sized pieces so the brain can more easily digest new information.
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Why does Chunking work?
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working memory, which is where we manipulate information, holds a limited amount of information at one time: 7 ideas, numbers, or concepts.
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What are 8 questions you ask yourself when talking to the text?
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"“What is happening?”; “Who are they talking about?”; “What are they talking about?”; “Where does the action take place?"; “When does the action take place?” ; “How does this happen?” ; “Why does this happen?” ; “What does this mean?”
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What steps are there in the system of reading called P2R?
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Preview; Read; Review.
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What do you Preview when reading?
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"Preview entire chapter first headings, bold text, pictures, charts/graphics"
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What do you do while reading?
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Underline, highlight, take notes
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What is the best way to Review material just read?
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Write and answer questions about the reading
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What steps are there in the system of reading called SQ3R?
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Survey; Question; Read; Recite; Review.
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How do you survey material?
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Look at the whole chapter, headlines, bold text, pictures/charts
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How do you Question the material?
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Turn headlines and bold text into questions to motivate.
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Whats the best method of reading?
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Chunking
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How do you recite the material just read?
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Cover text and state what you read aloud in your own words.
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What steps are there in the system of reading called S-RUN-R?
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Survey; Read; Underline; Notetake; Review.
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What steps are there in the system of reading called SPUNKI?
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"What did you find SURPRISING? ; What did you find PUZZLING? ; What did you find USEFUL? ; What did you find NEW? ; What did you already KNOW? ; What did you find INTERESTING?"
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What are graphic organizers?
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"1. A visual tool to denmonstrate how you are thinking and what you are learning about a topic. ; 2. They explain relationships between characters, facts, ideas, or actions within a topic. ; 3. They help Process information for deeper understanding and learning."
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What is Metacognition?
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awareness or analysis of one's own learning or thinking processes
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What are 3 types of graphic organizers?
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Brainstorming webs; Task-specific Graphic organizers; Thinking Process Maps.
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What are 3 brainstorming webs?
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Webs; Mind maps; Clustering.
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What are 3 types of Task-specific Graphic Organizers?
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Storyboards; Time lines; Problem-solving.
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What are 3 types of Thinking Process Maps?
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Concept mapping; Systems diagrams; Thinking maps
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What is a Series of Events Chain used for?
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To organize information in chronological order.
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What is a Ven diagram used for?
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To compare and contrast information.
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What is a T-Chart used for?
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To contrast information.
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Name 7 Rehearsal strategies.
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"1) Repeat information out loud
; 2) Record information and listen to it repeatedly
; 3) Read information repeatedly
; 4) Write information such as vocabulary several times
; 5) Conjugate foreign language verbs repeatedly
; 6) Practice solving similar type math problems ;
7) Create flashcards to quiz yourself repeatedly."
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Define Rehersal Stratagies.
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Strategies students can use to WORK with information and keep information in Stage 2 of the IPS: Working Memory.
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Define Elaboration Strategies
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strategies students can use to ENCODE information and store information in Stage 3 of the Information Processing System: Long-term Memory.
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How does one ENCODE new information?
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"1) Think about and organize information
; 2) Link new information to prior learning
; 3) Give the new information meaning."
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What ways can you encode information by THINKING and ORGANIZING information?
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"1) OUTLINE the information
; 2) ORGANIZE information into CHRONOLOGICAL order, or PROS and CONS, or COMPARE and CONTRAST ;
3) Organize information in a MATRIX & CHART
; 4) Think about the new information and PUT it INto your OWN WORDS ; 5) Think about the new information and organize it into a MINDMAP that shows the relationship between parts ;
6) Think about the new information and then EXPLAIN IT, DISSCUSS IT, or TUTOR ANOTHER PERSON. ; 7) Think about the information and synthesized it to its MOST ESSENTIAL POINTS. ; 8) Think about the information and summarize it to give a total picture of the information ;
9) Think about the information and CREATE QUESTIONS about it to PRACTICE ANSWERING THEM."
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What ways can you encode information by LINKING new information to prior learning?
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"1) Draw a picture to create a visual connection between a concept or idea and something you already know.
; 2) Use new information as lyrics to a familiar song you already know.
; 3) Visualize new information in specific locations you already know. ;
4) Use mnemonic devices using familiar words or phrases and letters to remind you of new information
; 5) Color code new information so you associate it to a color you already know."
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What ways can you encode information by GIVING IT MEANING?
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"1) Apply information to a real life situation
; 2) Explain how the information will benefit you, others, or society at large;
3) Consider how the information affects your values, feelings, or behavior
; 4) Consider how the new information impacts your goals."
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What is the Thalamus responsible for?
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gateway or relay station in the brain that sends information to the cerebral cortex.
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What are the main parts of a Neuron?
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Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Axon terminals
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What is the Axon covered in?
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Myelin Sheath
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What is in the middle of the soma?
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Nucleus
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How many neurons are within the Brain?
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100 billion cells
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What are the 3 types of Neurons?
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Sensory, Motor, Interneuron
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What does a sensory neuron do?
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A neuron that collects information from your senses and sends it to the brain.
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What does a motor neuron do?
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The neuron responsible for sending information from the CNS to the muscles and glands of the body.
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What does a interneuron do?
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A neuron that communicates information between the sensory and motor neurons.
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Other than a nucleus, what is contained within the cell body?
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Genetic information; cytoplasm; organelles
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What do the dendrites do?
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Receive messages for the cell
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What does the Axon do?
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transmits messages from the cell
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What does the Axon terminal do?
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End part of an axon that makes synaptic contact with another cell.
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What does the myelin sheeth do?
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Covers and protects the axon and helps to speed the transmission of information.
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Name 6 regions of the brain.
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Frontal lobes; parietal lobes; occipital lobes; temporal lobes; cerebellum; brain stem.
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What are the FRONTAL LOBES responsible for?
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Decision making, problem solving, planning, personality, self-control, motivation.
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What are the PARIETAL LOBES responsible for?
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Processes sensory information such as touch and physical pain
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What are the OCCIPITAL LOBES responsible for?
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Processes visual information
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What are the TEMPORAL LOBES responsible for?
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Stores memory, processes emotion and auditory information, largely resonsible for production of language.
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What is the CEREBELLUM responsible for?
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Largely responsible for coordination of movement, balance, posture.
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What is the BRAIN STEM responsible for?
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Breathing, heart rate, sleep. It connects the brain to the spinal cord.
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Name the 4 parts of the Limbic System.
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Amygdala; hippocampus; hypothalamus; thalamus.
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What is the AMYGDALA responsible for?
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Almond shaped section at start of hippocampus, responsible for EMOTION & FIGHT OR FLIGHT.
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What is the HIPPOCAMPUS responsible for?
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Seahorse shaped section surrounding the thalamus, it is responsible for STORING MEMORY.
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What is the HYPOTHALAMUS responsible for?
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Acta as a thermometer regulating body TEMERATURE, HUNGER, THIRST, and other body functions.
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What is the THALAMUS responsible for?
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Acts as a RELAY STATION that capture sensory input and them sends information to the appropriate parts of the brain for processing.
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Name the 8 levels of the Hierarchy of Needs
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Biological; Safety; Belong/Love; Esteem; Cognitive; Aesthetic; Self-Actualization; Self transcendence.
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Name the components of the A-G + S theory...
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Autonomy; Belonging; Competence; Dreams; Effort; Fun; Goals; Safety.
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What are the 6 componets of Self Regulated Learners?
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Use time management; Use physical Enviornment; Use Social Enviornment; Motivation; Methods of learning; Monitoring preformance.
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What are Maslows Deficiency Needs?
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Biological/Physical Needs; Saftey Needs; Belonging/Love Needs; Esteem Needs.
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Distributive Practice
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Learning a subject a little at a time over a long time. Study in chuncks everyday.
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What are Maslows Growth Needs?
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Cognitive Needs; Aesthetic Needs; Self-Actualization; Self Transcendence
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Who was Abraham Maslow?
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A psychologist who studied at Columbia University and developed the Theory of Human Motivation"."
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What does a person with a fixed mindset do?
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Avoid Challenges, Give up easily, Sees effort as fruitless, Feels threatened by the success of others & Ignores useful negative feedback.
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What does a person with a growth mindset do?
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Embrases challenges, Persists in the face of setbacks, Sees effort as the path to mastery, Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others & Learn from critisism.
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EEG?
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Electoencephalogram which reads brainwaves.
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Who came up with the Self Regulated Learning" theory?"
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Dr Myron Dembo, Prof. of Education at USC
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Name 6 components that studens who manage education well do.
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USE time management; USE physical enviornment; USE social enviornment; MOTIVATION; METHODS of learning; MONITOR their performance.
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What are the three stages of learning?
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Planning; Monitor; Evaluate
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What is motivation?
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A drive that energizes, directs & sustains behavior toward a particular goal.
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What are the 2 types of Motivation?
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Intrinsic; Extrinsic
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What is intrinsic motivation?
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It comes from inside the person and is based on interest & self-satisfaction. INTERNAL MOTIVATION.
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What is extrinsic motivation?
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Comes from outside the person and is based on rewards; EXTERNAL MOTIVATION.
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What are the 4 kinds of knowledge?
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Episodic-experiential; Sematic- meaning of words; Proceedural- how to do something; Conceptual- Understanding why.
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Who came up with the Triune Brain Theory"?"
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Dr. Paul MacLean, Physician and Neuroscientist from Yale Medical School.
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What are the parts of the Triune Brain?
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Reptilian; Limbic; NeoCortex
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What is the reptilian brain?
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Brain stem and cerebellum; Oldest part of the brain.
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What is the limbic brain?
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Limbic system, newer, and shared with mamals
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What is the Neo Cortex brain?
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Cerebral Cortex, newest part of brain, primates and humans, divided into 4 lobes.
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Verify
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Confirm or establish the truth or accuracy of a point of view with supporting examples, evidence, and facts
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Analyze
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Break down or separate a problem or situation into separate factors or relationships
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Outline
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Use a specific and shortened from to organize main ideas, supporting details, and examples
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Define
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Give the meaning
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Relate
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Show the relationship between concepts
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Distinguish
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Tell how things are different from others similar to it
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Interpret
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Express your thinking by giving the meaning as you see it
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Trace
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Describe in steps the progression of something
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Categorize
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Place items under headings or categories
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Explain
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Make clear and plain, give the reason or cause
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Justify
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Give some evidence by supporting your statement with facts
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Support
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Back up a statement with facts and proof
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List
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Present information in a numbered fashion
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Paraphrase
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Put ideas in your own words
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Criticize
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Express your judgment and support your opinion
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Summarize
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Condense the main points in the fewest words possible
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Classify
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Place items in related groups, then name or title each group
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Compare
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Tell how things are alike; use concrete examples
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Contrast
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Tell how things are different; use supporting concrete examples
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Describe
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State the particulars in detail
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Enumerate
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List all possible items
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Predict
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Present solutions that could happen if certain variables were present
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Illustrate
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Give examples, pictures, charts, diagrams, or concrete examples to clarify your answer
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Evaluate
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Make a judgment based on the evidence and support it; give the good and bad points
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Diagram
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Use pictures, graphs, or charts to show relationships of details to main ideas.
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