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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ACIDS
Solutions that have a pH below 7.0, and turn litmus paper from blue to red.
ALKALIS
Solutions that have a pH above 7.0, and turn litmus paper from red to blue
ALKANOLAMINES
Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.
AMMONIA
Colorless gas with a pungent odor. Composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.
ANION
An ion with a negative electrical charge.
ATOM
Smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element.
CATION
An ion with a positive electrical charge.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Change in teh chemical and physical properties of a substance due to a chemical reaction that creates a new substance or substances.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.
CHEMISTRY
Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under various conditions.
COMBUSTION
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.
COMPOUNDS
Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements chemically joined together.
ELEMENT
The simplest form of matter; it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity.
ELEMENTAL MOLECULES
A chemical combination of atoms of the same element.
EMULSION
An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier.
EXOTHERMIC
Chemical reactions that produce heat.
GLYCERIN
Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and moisturizer in skin and body creams.
HYDROPHILIC
Water loving.
IMMISCIBLE
Not capable of being mixed.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Study of substances that do not contain carbon.
ION
An atom or molecule that carries and electrical charge.
IONIZATION
Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.
LIPOPHILIC
Oil loving.
LOGARITHM
Multiples of ten.
MATTER
Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).
MISCIBLE
Capable of being mixed with another liquid in any proportion without separating.
MOLECULE
A chemical combination of two or more atoms.
OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSION
Oil droplets emulsified in water.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Study of substances that contain carbon.
OXIDATION
A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce and oxide.
OXIDIZING AGENT
Substance that releases oxygen.
pH SCALE
Measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.
PHYSICAL CHANGE
Change in the form of physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance.
PHYSICAL MIXTURE
Physical combination of matter, in any proportion.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.
PURE SUBSTANCE
Chemical combination of matter in definite proportions.
REDOX
Contraction for reduction-oxidation; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.
REDUCED
To subtract oxygen from or add hydrogen to a substance.
REDUCTION
Tthe chemical reaction of subtracting oxygen from, or adding hydrogen to, a substance.
SILICONES
Special type of oil used in hair conditioners and as water-resistant lubricants for the skin.
SOLUTE
Substance that is dissolved in a solution.
SOLUTION
Stable mixture of two or more mixable substances.
SOLVENT
Substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution.
SURFACTANTS
Surface active agents; substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.
SUSPENSION
Unstable mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid.
VOLATILE
Easily evaporating.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
Substances containing carbon that evaporate quickly and easily.
WATER-IN-OIL (W/O) EMULSION
Water droplets emulsified in oil.