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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ACIDS
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Solutions that have a pH below 7.0, and turn litmus paper from blue to red.
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ALKALIS
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Solutions that have a pH above 7.0, and turn litmus paper from red to blue
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ALKANOLAMINES
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Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.
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AMMONIA
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Colorless gas with a pungent odor. Composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.
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ANION
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An ion with a negative electrical charge.
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ATOM
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Smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element.
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CATION
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An ion with a positive electrical charge.
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CHEMICAL CHANGE
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Change in teh chemical and physical properties of a substance due to a chemical reaction that creates a new substance or substances.
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.
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CHEMISTRY
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Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under various conditions.
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COMBUSTION
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Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.
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COMPOUNDS
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Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements chemically joined together.
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ELEMENT
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The simplest form of matter; it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity.
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ELEMENTAL MOLECULES
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A chemical combination of atoms of the same element.
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EMULSION
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An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier.
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EXOTHERMIC
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Chemical reactions that produce heat.
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GLYCERIN
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Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and moisturizer in skin and body creams.
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HYDROPHILIC
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Water loving.
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IMMISCIBLE
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Not capable of being mixed.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Study of substances that do not contain carbon.
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ION
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An atom or molecule that carries and electrical charge.
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IONIZATION
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Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.
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LIPOPHILIC
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Oil loving.
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LOGARITHM
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Multiples of ten.
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MATTER
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Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).
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MISCIBLE
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Capable of being mixed with another liquid in any proportion without separating.
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MOLECULE
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A chemical combination of two or more atoms.
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OIL-IN-WATER (O/W) EMULSION
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Oil droplets emulsified in water.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Study of substances that contain carbon.
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OXIDATION
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A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce and oxide.
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OXIDIZING AGENT
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Substance that releases oxygen.
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pH SCALE
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Measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.
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PHYSICAL CHANGE
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Change in the form of physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance.
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PHYSICAL MIXTURE
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Physical combination of matter, in any proportion.
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.
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PURE SUBSTANCE
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Chemical combination of matter in definite proportions.
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REDOX
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Contraction for reduction-oxidation; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.
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REDUCED
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To subtract oxygen from or add hydrogen to a substance.
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REDUCTION
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Tthe chemical reaction of subtracting oxygen from, or adding hydrogen to, a substance.
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SILICONES
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Special type of oil used in hair conditioners and as water-resistant lubricants for the skin.
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SOLUTE
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Substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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SOLUTION
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Stable mixture of two or more mixable substances.
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SOLVENT
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Substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution.
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SURFACTANTS
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Surface active agents; substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.
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SUSPENSION
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Unstable mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid.
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VOLATILE
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Easily evaporating.
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
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Substances containing carbon that evaporate quickly and easily.
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WATER-IN-OIL (W/O) EMULSION
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Water droplets emulsified in oil.
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