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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the two non-spore forming G+ rods?
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Listeria monocytogense
What are the oxygen requirements of the two non-spore forming G+ rods?
Facultative anaerobic
What is the morphology of C. diptheriae?
Small
Pleomorphic
Unencapsulated
G+ rods
How are collections of C. diptheriae commonly described?
Chinese characters
How is C. diptheriae usually spread?
Respiratory droplets
How can one become infected with C. ditheriae other than by respiratory droplets?
Puncture wound or cut
What is the pathogenesis of diptheria?
Absorption of an exotoxin composed of an A and a B fragment.
How does this diptheria toxin affect the cell?
Inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis
What is the role of fragment A in diphtheria toxin?
Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of elongation factor-2 resulting in EF-2 inactivation and blockage of the translocation of polypeptidyl-transfer ribonucleic acid. (tRNA).
What is the role of fragment B in diphtheria toxin?
Binding to cell and delivery of fragment A
Where is the toxin encoding diphtheria DNA found?
In a bacteriophage
Which strains of bacteriophages can produce C. diptheriae capable of active infection?
Lysogenic strains
Why can lysogenic strains produce C. diphtheriae capable of active infection?
Lysogeny allows bacteriophage integration into the bacterial genome and toxin (protein) expression.
Where is the toxin encoding diphtheria DNA found?
In a bacteriophage
Which strains of bacteriophages can produce C. diptheriae capable of active infection?
Lysogenic strains
Why can lysogenic strains produce C. diphtheriae capable of active infection?
Lysogeny allows bacteriophage integration inot the bacterial genome and toxin (protein) expression.
Where does C. diphtheriae usually infect humans?
Throat and nasopharynx
What is a classic clinical manifestation of C. diphtheriae infection?
Pseudomembrane pharyngitis.
What is psdudomembrane pharyngitis.
An adherent, thick and gray exudateive pseudomembrane forming in the throat or nasopharynx with lymphadenopathy
What are two rare clinical manifestations of diphtheria?
Myocarditis
Neuritis of cranial nerves
How does the host neutralize the toxin?
Antibody formation
How is clinical C. diphtheriae diagnosed?
Although no quick and reliable lab tests exists, cultures may yield G+ rods with blue and red granules.
How is C. diphtheria definitively diagnosed?
Isolation of C. diphtheriae via potassium tellurite containing Tinsdale agar and demonstration of toxin production via precipitin reaction.
How is diphtheria treated?
Empiric treatment, i.e., immediate administration of hores serum antitoxin and antibiotics.
Which antibiotics can be used?
Penicillin g and erythromycin
How is diptheria prevented
DTaP vaccine
What are diphtheroids?
Corynebacterium species similar to C. diphtheriae.
What patient population gets affected by diptheroids?
Immunosuppressed
Which antibiotic is used to treat diphtheroids?
Vancomycin