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344 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column
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1. Kyphosis
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2. Lateral deviation of vertebral column
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2. Scoliosis
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3. Major feature of cervical vertebrae
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3. Transverse foramina
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4. Structure which regionally determines vertebral movement
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4. Facet joints
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5. Vertebra located at level of iliac crest
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4. L4
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6. Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae
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6. Ligamentum flavum
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7. Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column
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7. Anterior longitudinal
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8. Ligament affected by whiplash injury
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8. Anterior longitudinal
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9. Ligament which limits skull rotation
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9. Alar
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10. Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area
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10. Pedicle
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11. Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area
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11. Pars interarticularis, Lamina
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12. Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae
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12. Posterior
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13. Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens
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13. Transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate)
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14. Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc
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14. L4-5
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15. Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc
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15. L5
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16. Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6
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16. C6
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17. Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4
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17. L4
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18. Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation
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18. sixth
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19. Vertebral level of lumbar puncture
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19. L4
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20. Muscles which extend and side-bend the spine
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20. Erector spinae
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21. Muscles which extend, ROTATE, and side-bend the spine
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21. Transversospinae
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22. Innervation of suboccipital muscles
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22. Suboccipital nerve (Dorsal ramus C1)
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23. Roof of suboccipital triangle
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23. Semispinalis capitis
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24. Floor of suboccipital triangle
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24. Posterior arch of atlas; posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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25. Major vessel within suboccipital triangle
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25. Vertebral artery
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26. Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2
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26. Greater occipital nerve
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27. Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac
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27. SV2
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28. Inferior extent of spinal cord
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28. LV2
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29. Location of internal vertebral plexus
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29. Epidural space
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30. Most frequently fractured bone of body
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30. Clavicle
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31. Most frequently dislocated carpal bone
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31. Lunate
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32. Most frequently fractured carpal bone
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32. Scaphoid
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33. Osseous structure palpated deep to “anatomical snuff box”
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33. Scaphoid
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34. Fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance
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34. Colles’ fracture
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35. Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus
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35. Axillary
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36. Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus
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36. Radial
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37. Nerve injured that results in wrist drop
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37. Radial
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38. Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle
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38. Ulnar
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39. Muscle that is the chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint
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39. Deltoid
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40. Muscles innervated by axillary nerve
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40. Deltoid and teres minor
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41. Muscle that initiates abduction of arm
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41. Supraspinatus
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42. Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff
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42. Supraspinatus
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43. Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm
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43. Trapezius and serratus anterior
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44. Tendon that courses through shoulder joint
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44. Long head of biceps
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45. Chief supinator muscle of hand
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45. Biceps brachii
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46. Primary (major) flexor of the forearm
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46. Brachialis
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47. Orientation of structures located in the cubital fossa-Lateral to Medial
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47. Tendon biceps brachii, brachial a., median n.
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48. Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula
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48. Long thoracic nerve
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49. Spinal levels of axillary nerve
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49. C5 and C6
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50. Spinal levels of innervation to muscles of the hand
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50. C8 and T1
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51. Dermatome of thumb
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51. C6
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52. Nerve to thenar compartment
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52. Recurrent branch of Median
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53. Innervation of adductor pollicis
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53. Ulnar (deep br.)
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54. Innervation to all interosseous muscles
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54. Ulnar (deep br.)
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55. Innervation to nail bed of middle finger
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55. Median nerve
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56. Innervation to nail bed of ring finger
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56. Ulnar and median
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57. Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus (C5-C6)
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57. Shoulder
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58. Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus (C8-T1)
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58. Intrinsic hand muscles
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59. Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome
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59. Median
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60. Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome
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60. Ulnar
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61. Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand
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61. Lumbricals
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62. Boundaries of femoral triangle
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62. Inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
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63. Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath
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63. Femoral nerve
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64. Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath
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64. Femoral vein
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65. Contents of femoral canal
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65. Deep inguinal lymph nodes
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66. Medial boundary of femoral ring
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66. Lacunar ligament
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67. Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor canal
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67. Femoral artery and vein
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68. Structures that course through only portion of adductor canal
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68. Saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels
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69. Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa
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69. Popliteus
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70. Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint
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70. Iliopsoas
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71. Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking
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71. Gluteus medius
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72. Nerve affected when pelvis tilts to unsupported side during gait
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72. Superior gluteal n.
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73. Muscles which extend the thigh and flex the leg
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73. Hamstrings
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74. Muscle that extends leg
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74. Quadriceps femoris
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75. Specific muscle that holds patella in place
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75. Vastus medialis
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76. First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral n.
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76. Vastus medialis
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77. Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury
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77. Vastus medialis
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78. Muscle that unlocks knee joint
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78. Popliteus
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79. Muscle affected with “foot slap”
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79. Tibialis anterior
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80. Major spinal cord level of nerve affected causing foot slap
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80. L4
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81. Chief invertors of foot
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81. Tibialis anterior and posterior
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82. Chief evertors of foot
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82. Fibularis longus and brevis
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83. Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia
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83. Anterior cruciate
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84. Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver
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84. Medial collateral
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85. Most commonly injured ankle ligament
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85. Anterior talofibular
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86. Ligament stretched with “flat foot”
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86. Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
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87. Joints for movements of inversion and eversion
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87. Subtalar and transverse Tarsal
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88. Major artery to head of femur in adult
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88. Medial femoral circumflex
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89. Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula
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89. Common fibular
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90. Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal
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90. Fibularis brevis
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91. Innervation of adductor magnus
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91. Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic
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92. Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome
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92. Tibial
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93. Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot
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93. Saphenous (L4)
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94. Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot
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94. Sural (S1)
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95. Cutaneous innervation of heel
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95. Tibial
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96. Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2
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96. Deep fibular
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97. Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot
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97. Superficial fibular
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98. Major dermatome to big toe
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98. L4
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99. Dermatome to small toe
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99. S1
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100. Spinal level of patellar reflex
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100. L4
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101. Spinal level of Achilles reflex
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101. S1
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102. Locking of knee when walking suggests
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102. Meniscus injury
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103. Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee
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103. Medial collateral, medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament
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104. Dermatome around nipple
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104. T4
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105. Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula
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105. TV7
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106. Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium
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106. Thymus
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107. Vertebral level associated with sternal angle
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107. Disc between TV4-5
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108. Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung
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108. 4th
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109. Inferior extent of lung at mid-clavicular line
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109. 6th rib
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110. Inferior extent of pleura at mid-clavicular line
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110. 8th rib
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111. Inferior extent of lung at mid-axillary line
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111. 8th rib
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112. Inferior extent of pleura at mid-axillary line
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112. 10th rib
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113. Inferior extent of lung posteriorly
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113. 10th rib
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114. Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly
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114. 12th rib
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115. Innervation of costal pleura
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115. Intercostal nerve
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116. Innervation of mediastinal pleura
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116. Phrenic nerve
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117. Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta
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117. TV4-5
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118. Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta
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118. TV4-5
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119. Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs
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119. Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction
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120. Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs
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120. Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation
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121. Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus
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121. Wider diameter, shorter and more vertical
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122. Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping
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122. Superior to 12th rib, posteriorly
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123. Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk
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123. conus arteriosum or infundibulum
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124. Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve
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124. Left 2nd interspace
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125. Site for auscultation of aortic valve
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125. Right 2nd interspace
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126. Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve
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126. Xiphisternal joint
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127. Site for auscultation of mitral valve
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127. Left 5th interspace, mid-clavicular line
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128. Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection
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128. Right ventricle
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129. Chamber that forms apex of heart
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129. Left ventricle
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130. Major chamber that forms base of heart
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130. Left atrium
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131. Heart chamber that contains moderator band
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131. Right ventricle
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132. Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle
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132. Cristae terminalis at the root of the SVC
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133. Artery that determines coronary dominance
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133. Posterior interventricular
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134. Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries
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134. Right coronary artery
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135. Location of SA node
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135. Cristae terminalis
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136. Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart
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136. Coronary sinus
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137. Innervation of fibrous pericardium
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137. Phrenic nerve
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138. Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur
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138. Aortic stenosis
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139. Rib associated with sternal angle
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139. Second rib
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140. Location of ductus arteriosus
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140. Between left pulmonary artery and aorta
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141. Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus
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141. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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142. Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic
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142. Subclavian and internal jugular
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143. Veins that unite to form superior vena cava
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143. Right and left brachiocephalic
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144. Termination of azygos vein
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144. Superior vena cava
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145. Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct
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145. Azygos vein, aorta
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146. Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve
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146. T5-9
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147. Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve
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147. T10-11
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148. Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve
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148. T12
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149. Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus
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149. Left bronchus, aorta and diaphragm
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150. Disease often associated with thymoma
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150. Myasthenia gravis
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151. Dermatome to umbilical area
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151. T10
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152. Dermatome to suprapubic area
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152. L1
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153. Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery
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153. T12
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154. Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA
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154. L1
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155. Vertebral level associated with origin of renal arteries
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155. L2
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156. Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries
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156. L2
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157. Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA
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157. L3
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158. Vertebral level of umbilicus
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158. Disc L3-4
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159. Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation
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159. L4
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160. Vertebral level for formation of IVC
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160. L5
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161. Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall
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161. T7 – L1
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162. Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring
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162. Aponeurosis of external oblique
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163. Structure that forms deep inguinal ring
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163. Transversalis fascia
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164. Structure that forms floor of inguinal canal
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164. Inguinal ligament
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165. Bony attachments of inguinal ligament
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165. ASIS and pubic tubercle
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166. Structures that form conjoint tendon
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166. Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
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167. Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia
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167. External oblique
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168. Abdominal layer continuous with cremasteric fascia
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168. Internal oblique
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169. Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia
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169. Transversalis fascia
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170. Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect inguinal hernias
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170. Inferior epigastric vessels
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171. Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring
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171. Indirect inguinal
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172. Most common type of hernia
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172. Indirect inguinal
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173. Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia
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173. Right
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174. Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach’s triangle
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174. Direct inguinal
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175. Boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle
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175. Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric artery and vein
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176. Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings
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176. Indirect inguinal
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177. Condition in which fluid accumulates in processus vaginalis
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177. Hydrocele
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178. Communication between greater and lesser sacs
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178. Epiploic foramen
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179. Superior border of epiploic foramen
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179. Caudate lobe of liver
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180. Inferior border of epiploic foramen
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180. Part one of duodenum
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181. Posterior border of epiploic foramen
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181. IVC
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182. Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
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182. Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum)
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183. Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid superiorly from left paracolic gutter
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183. Phrenicocolic ligament
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184. Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid inferiorly from right infracolic compartment
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184. Root of the mesentery
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185. Superior extent of right paracolic gutter
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185. Hepatorenal recess
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186. Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity in females
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186. Rectouterine pouch
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187. Structures supplied by celiac artery
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187. Stomach, duodenum, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas
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188. Branches of celiac artery
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188. Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic
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189. Blood supply to stomach
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189. Right and left gastroepiploics; right, left and short gastrics
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190. Major structures of bed of stomach
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190. Pancreas, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, diaphragm
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191. Ducts that join to form common bile duct
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191. Cystic and common hepatic
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192. Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver
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192. Falciform ligament
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193. Remnant of umbilical vein
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193. Round ligament of liver
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194. Origin of cystic artery
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194. Right hepatic artery
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195. Ribs directly related to spleen
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195. Ribs 9-11 (left)
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196. Organs related to spleen
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196. Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas
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197. Artery to small intestine
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197. SMA
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198. Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA
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198. Duodenum, pancreas
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199. Organ supplied by both SMA and IMA
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199. Transverse colon
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200. Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas
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200. IVC
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201. Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas
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201. Portal vein
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202. Veins that unite to form portal vein
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202. Splenic and SMV
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203. Clinically important organs for portacaval anastomoses
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203. Esophagus, rectum, liver, spleen
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204. Two structures that lie posterior to SMA near its origin
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204. Left renal vein, duodenum
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205. Three distinguishing features of the large intestine
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205. Tenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages
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206. Termination of left ovarian/testicular vein
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206. Left renal vein
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207. Termination of right ovarian/testicular vein
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207. Inferior vena cava
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208. Location of initial pain of appendicitis
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208. Umbilical region
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209. Motor innervation of diaphragm
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209. Phrenic
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210. Sensory innervation of diaphragm
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210. Phrenic + intercostal
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211. Spinal levels of phrenic nerve
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211. C3-5
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212. Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm
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212. T8
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213. Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm
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213. T10
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214. Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus
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214. Vagal trunks
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215. Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm
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215. T12
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216. Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta
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216. Thoracic duct
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217. Structures that traverses diaphragm through crura
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217. Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves
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218. Structure that separates pelvis from perineum
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218. Pelvic diaphragm
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219. Two major components of pelvic diaphragm
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219. Levator ani and coccygeus
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220. Two major components of levator ani
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220. Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus
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221. Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall
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221. Obturator internus and piriformis
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222. Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis
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222. Lesser sciatic foramen
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223. Means by which piriformis exits pelvis
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223. Greater sciatic foramen
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224. Innervation of detrusor
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224. Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)
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225. Innervation of trigone
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225. Sympathetics (Pregang. T11-L2; lesser least, lumbar splanchnic nerves)
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226. Innervation of sphincter urethrae
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226. Pudendal n. (S 2,3,4)
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227. Remnants of umbilical arteries
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227. Medial umbilical ligaments
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228. Provides major vasculature to pelvic organs
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228. Internal iliac
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229. Chief artery to rectal mucosa
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229. Superior rectal
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230. Chief artery to rectal muscular wall
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230. Middle rectal
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231. Most common type of pelvic inlet in females
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231. Gynecoid
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232. Two remnants of gubernaculum in females
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232. Ovarian and round ligament
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233. Ligament that contains ovarian vessels
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233. Suspensory ligament of ovary
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234. Cavity into which ova immediately escape the ovary
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234. Peritoneal
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235. Lymphatic drainage for ovary and testes
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235. Lumbar nodes (para-aortic)
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236. Normal position of uterus
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236. Anterverted, anteflexed
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237. Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect at an angle of 90 degrees
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237. Anteversion
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238. Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix intersect at an angle of 10-15 degrees
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238. Anteflexion
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239. Chief uterine support
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239. Pubococcygeus
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240. Ligament that contains uterine vessels
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240. Lateral cervical
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241. Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy
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241. Ureter
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242. Relation of ureter to uterine artery
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242. Inferior and posterior
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243. Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces
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243. Perineal membrane
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244. Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles
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244. Ischial tuberosities
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245. Structure forming lateral wall of ischioanal fossa
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245. Fascia of obturator Internus
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246. Structure that forms the pudendal canal
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246. Fascia of obturator Internus
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247. Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids
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247. Pectinate line
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248. Lymphatic drainage for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal
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248. Internal iliac, inferior mesenteric nodes
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249. Lymphatic drainage for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal
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249. Superficial inguinal nodes
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250. Lymphatic drainage for glans penis
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250. Deep inguinal nodes
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251. Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis
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251. Bulbospongiosus
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252. Muscle which compresses the crus of penis
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252. Ischiocavernosus
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253. Nerves of erection
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253. Pelvic splanchnic, nervi erigentes (S 2,3,4)
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254. Muscles which meet at the perineal body
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254. Superficial and deep perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus
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255. Major structure of deep perineal space
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255. Sphincter urethrae
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256. Vertebral level of hyoid bone
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256. CV3
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257. Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage
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257. CV4,5
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258. Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage
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258. CV6
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259. Muscles that are innervated by CN XI
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259. Trapezius, SCM
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260. Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene
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260. Brachial plexus, subclavian artery
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261. Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
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261. Ansa cervicalis (C1-3 ventral rami)
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262. Innervation of digastric
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262. Anterior belly = CN V, Posterior belly = CN VII
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263. Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body
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263. CN IX, CN X
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264. Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor
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264. Auditory tube, levator veli palatini
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265. Nerves of pharyngeal plexus
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265. CN IX (mucosa), CN X (musculature), Sympathetics (vasomotor)
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266. Only muscle innervated by CN IX
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266. Stylopharyngeus
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267. Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane
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267. Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery
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268. Only muscle to abduct vocal cords
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268. Posterior cricoarytenoid
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269. Innervation of cricothyroid
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269. External laryngeal nerve
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270. Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid
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270. Recurrent laryngeal
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271. Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords
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271. Cricothyroid
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272. Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords
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272. Internal laryngeal
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273. Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords
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273. Recurrent laryngeal
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274. Site of aspirated lodged fishbone
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274. Piriform recess
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275. Afferent and efferent limbs of gag reflex
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275. CN IX – CN X
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276. Afferent and efferent limbs of cough reflex
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276. CN X – CN X
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277. Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy
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277. Lt & Rt recurrent laryngeal nerves
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278. Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery
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278. Recurrent laryngeal
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279. Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus
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279. CN VII and VIII
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280. Foramen where CN VII exits skull
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280. Stylomastoid foramen
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281. Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura
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281. Middle meningeal
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282. Major cutaneous nerve of face
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282. CN V
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283. Major artery to internal structures of head
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283. Maxillary
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284. Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head
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284. T1 – 2
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285. Autonomic ganglia for CN III
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285. Ciliary
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286. Sensory ganglia for CN VII
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286. Geniculate
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287. Autonomic ganglia for CN VII
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287. PPG and submandibular
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288. Autonomic ganglia for CN IX
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288. Otic
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289. Muscle attached to disc of TMJ
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289. Lateral pterygoid
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290. Muscle that retracts mandible
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290. Temporalis
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291. Major nerve to TMJ (pain)
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291. Auriculotemporal (V3)
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292. Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland
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292. Tympanic branch of CN IX and lesser petrosal
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293. Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid
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293. Auriculotemporal (V3)
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294. Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity
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294. Posterior ethmoid sinus
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295. Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity
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295. Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses
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296. Structure that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity
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296. Nasolacrimal duct
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297. Major artery to nasal cavity
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297. Sphenopalatine
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298. Most common site of nose bleed
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298. Kiesselbach’s plexus
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299. Innervation of levator veli palatini
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299. CN X
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300. Muscle that opens auditory tube
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300. Tensor veli palatini
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301. Innervation of tensor veli palatini
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301. CN V3
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302. Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
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302. Chorda tympani
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303. Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
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303. Geniculate ganglion
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304. Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland
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304. Chorda tympani
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305. Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to submandibular
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305. Lingual
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306. Nerve injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates
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306. CN X
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307. Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy
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307. CN IX
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308. Muscle that protrudes tongue
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308. Genioglossus
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309. Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue
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309. Ipsilateral CN XII
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310. Specific nerve that stimulates tear production
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310. Greater petrosal CN VII
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311. Sensory nerve to cornea
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311. CN V1 (nasociliary)
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312. Muscle that elevates and abducts eye
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312. Inferior oblique
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313. Muscle that depresses and abducts eye
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313. Superior oblique
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314. Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil
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314. Lateral horn, T1 - 2
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315. Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil
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315. Superior cervical ganglion
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316. Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil
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316. Edinger-Westphal
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317. Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil
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317. Ciliary ganglion
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318. Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane
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318. Auriculotemporal(V3),CN X
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319. Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane
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319. CN IX
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