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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the name of milgrams experiment? |
Milgrams experience into obedience (1963) |
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What was the hypothesis of Milgram's experiment? |
Expected people to conform to those seen as authority figures |
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What was the aim of Milgram's experiment? |
Interested in seeing how far people would go in obeying from authority if they knew it could cause serious harm to another |
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What were the previous research carried out before Milgram's? |
Adorno (1950) who did research on authoritarian personalities - he found people who rated highly for authoritarian personality traits were obedient of people with high status. |
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What were the previous research carried out before Milgram's? |
Adorno (1950) who did research on authoritarian personalities - he found people who rated highly for authoritarian personality traits were obedient of people with high status. |
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How did adorno's research on authoritarian personalities contribute to the context of Milgram's study? |
Adorno found that His study explained events of holocaust (Germans - high on the authoritarian personality traits but obeyed hitler) |
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What research method did Milgram use in his study? |
Lab experiment |
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What research method did Milgram use in his study? |
Lab experiment |
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What type of experimental design did Milgram use? |
Independent measures design |
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Where did Milgram's study take place? |
Yale uni, science lab |
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Where did Milgram's study take place? |
Yale uni, science lab |
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What were the ethical issues of Milgram's study? |
Psychological harm to ppts - if they thought they were causing stress to others |
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What sample did Milgram use? |
40 males (between ages of 20-50) professional jobs, unskilled jobs - new haven area ( given $4.50) |
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What sample did Milgram use? |
40 males (between ages of 20-50) professional jobs, unskilled jobs - new haven area ( given $4.50) |
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What was the independent variable for Milgram's study? |
Teacher or learner |
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What sample did Milgram use? |
40 males (between ages of 20-50) professional jobs, unskilled jobs - new haven area ( given $4.50) |
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What was the independent variable for Milgram's study? |
Teacher or learner |
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What was the dependant variable for Milgram's study? |
Voltage levels |
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How were the 2 roles determined - teacher and learner - in Milgram's experiment ? |
Draw straws - fixed |
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What did Milgram tell the teachers about the experiment? |
It was an experiment of learning - deception |
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Did the teacher get to witness the learner being strapped into the chair? |
Yes |
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Did the teacher get to witness the learner being strapped into the chair? |
Yes |
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What was the range on the shock generator |
15 volts to 450 volts |
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Did the teacher get to witness the learner being strapped into the chair? |
Yes |
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What was the range on the shock generator |
15 volts to 450 volts |
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What was the 'learner' being shocked for? |
Had to learn a list of word pairs and teacher would ask him by naming a word and asking the learner to recall from 4 |
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What happened if the learner got the question wrong? |
Learner shocked him and increased the shock level each time he got one wrong |
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What did the 'experimenter' say if the 'teacher' refused to shock the 'learner' ? |
Gave 4 prods |
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What did the 'experimenter' say if the 'teacher' refused to shock the 'learner' ? |
Gave 4 prods |
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What were the 4 prods the experimenter gave? |
Please continue Experiment requires you to continue It's absolutely essential that you continue You have no other choice but to continue |
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What did the 'experimenter' say if the 'teacher' refused to shock the 'learner' ? |
Gave 4 prods |
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What were the 4 prods the experimenter gave? |
Please continue Experiment requires you to continue It's absolutely essential that you continue You have no other choice but to continue |
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What was the 'experimenter' wearing? |
A lab coat - to show legitimate authority |
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What did the 'experimenter' say if the 'teacher' refused to shock the 'learner' ? |
Gave 4 prods |
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What were the 4 prods the experimenter gave? |
Please continue Experiment requires you to continue It's absolutely essential that you continue You have no other choice, you must go on |
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What was the 'experimenter' wearing? |
A lab coat - to show legitimate authority |
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Was the learner actually getting shocked - what was happening instead ? |
No. The same voice recording was playing for for all the teachers - voice said stop and screams |
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How any variations of the study did Milgram carry out? |
18 |
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How any variations of the study did Milgram carry out? |
18 |
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How many 'teachers' had gone up to 450 volts |
65% (2/3) |
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How any variations of the study did Milgram carry out? |
18 |
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How many 'teachers' had gone up to 450 volts |
65% (2/3) |
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How many 'teachers' went up to 300 volts |
35% |
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What was the conclusion of Milgram's study? |
Ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by legitimate authority |
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Give me a strength and weakness for the method used in Milgram's experiment (evaluation) ? |
S: standardised procedure - cause and effect - replicable W: low in ecological validity |
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Give me a strength and weakness for the method used in Milgram's experiment (evaluation) ? |
S: standardised procedure - cause and effect - replicable W: low in ecological validity |
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Give me a strength and weakness for the reliability in Milgram's experiment (evaluation) ?
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S: script used by experimenter and learner was the same recording, equipment W: unrepresentative sample- American men (ethnocentric, gender bias) |
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Give me a strength and weakness for the validity in Milgram's experiment (evaluation) ?
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S: tried to overcome demand characteristics (teachers were left in a room on their own - not pressured to do anything) W: Low in ecological validity - artificial setting |
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Give me a strength and weakness for the validity in Milgram's experiment (evaluation) ?
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S: tried to overcome demand characteristics (teachers were left in a room on their own - not pressured to do anything) W: Low in ecological validity - artificial setting |
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How many teachers thought the shocks were fake? |
2.4% |
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Give me a strength and weakness for the sample used in Milgram's experiment (evaluation) ?
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S: age range - 20:50. 18 variations W: biased sample - all new haven area |
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Give me a strength and weakness for ethics in Milgram's experiment (evaluation) ?
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S: at the end - debriefed participants & address psychological state W: no right to withdraw and ppts encouraged to carry on |
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What are the 4 studies which offer alternative evidence to Milgram's study? |
Hofling et al (1966) Sheridan & king (1972) Bickman Milgram's study with alternations |
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Briefly explain Sheridan and kings study and why it supports Milgram's ? |
Students acted as dog trainers and have to give real electric shocks as act of punishment. Women went to the max Participants obeyed scientist as they thought it was legitimate |
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Briefly explain Sheridan and kings study and why it supports Milgram's ? |
Students acted as dog trainers and have to give real electric shocks as act of punishment. Women went to the max Participants obeyed scientist as they thought it was legitimate |
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Briefly explain hoflings hospital study on obedience and why it supports Milgram's? |
21/22 were willing to obey orders from unknown doctor, over the phone and double to dosage of astronen Nurses obeyed doctor - thought it to be legitimate authority |
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Briefly explain bickmans study and why it supports Milgram's study? |
Researchers ordered people in the street of New York to pick something up (bag, coin) in casual clothes and in a guards uniform. (80% obeyed guard) Obeying Legitimate authority is evident in the real world |
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How many people obeyed the researchers in casual clothes in Bickmans study? |
40% |
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What is the percentage of people which obeyed and gave the max shock? |
65% |
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What is the percentage of people which obeyed and gave the max shock? |
65% |
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How many participants took part in milgrams study? |
40% |
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What is the percentage of people which obeyed and gave the max shock? |
65% |
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How many participants took part in milgrams study? |
40% |
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What percentage of people left at 300 volts? |
12.5% |
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What is the percentage of people which obeyed and gave the max shock? |
65% |
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How many participants took part in milgrams study? |
40% |
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What percentage of people left at 300 volts? |
12.5% |
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At what volts did participants start to say no? |
300 volts |
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What is the percentage of people which obeyed and gave the max shock? |
65% |
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How many participants took part in milgrams study? |
40% |
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What percentage of people left at 300 volts? |
12.5% |
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At what volts did participants start to say no? |
300 volts |
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What voltage did the learner go silent? |
375 volts |
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What is the percentage of people which obeyed and gave the max shock? |
65% |
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How many participants took part in milgrams study? |
40% |
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What percentage of people left at 300 volts? |
12.5% |
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At what volts did participants start to say no? |
300 volts |
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What voltage did the learner go silent? |
375 volts |
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How many nurses obeyed in hoflings study? |
21/22 |
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What is the percentage of people which obeyed and gave the max shock? |
65% |
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How many participants took part in milgrams study? |
40% |
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What percentage of people left at 300 volts? |
12.5% |
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At what volts did participants start to say no? |
300 volts |
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What voltage did the learner go silent? |
375 volts |
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How many nurses obeyed in hoflings study? |
21/22 |
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What percentage of people were sorry/very sorry to have taken part? |
2% |
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What percentage of people shocked to the max when real shocks were used on a puppy? |
75% |
