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32 Cards in this Set
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hyperlipidemia
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high levels of lipids in the blood
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cholesterol
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natural lipid part of cell membranes
contributes to atherosclerotic plaque |
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hypercholesterolemia
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type of hyperlipidemia most familiar to public
elevated blood cholesterol levels |
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plaque
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fatty material that builds up in lining of blood vessels
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triglycerides
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type of lipid containing three fatty acids and a chemical backbone of glycerol
GG FFFFFFF GG GG FA-FA-FA... GG GG FA-FA-FA... GG GG FA-FA-FA... |
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phospholipids
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phosphorous group replaces one of fatty acids in a triglyceride
GG FFFFFFF PHPH GG PHPH GG FA-FA-FA... PHPH GG PHPH GG FA-FA-FA... |
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lecithins
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important part of cell membranes
phospholipid |
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steroids
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lipid consisting of four rings
comprises certain hormones and drugs cholesterol: ch3 ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 CH3-CH3 CH3 - CH3 |
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sterol nucleus
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diverse group of substances with a common chemical group
AKA 'ring' |
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lipoproteins
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complex consisting of cholesterol, triglycerides, & phospholipids along with a protein carrier
"packaged" lipid molecules for transport in blood (lipid molecules don't mix w/water) |
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high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
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"good" lipoprotein with the most protein (up to 50%) and less cholesterol
recall: H=HELPER lipoprotein |
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low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
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"bad" lipoprotein with highest amount of cholesterol
recall: L=LOSER lipoprotein |
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very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
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"bad" lipid-carrier that converts to LDL
recall: ineVitable Loser (VLDL) |
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omega-3 fatty acid
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lipid found in high concentrations in certain fish
associated with lower risk of atherosclerosis |
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HMG CoA reductase
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primary enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis
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bile acid resins
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bind bile acids containing high concentration of cholesterol
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enterohepatic recirculation
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recycling of bile acids, cholesterol, & other metabolites -> liver -> bile & through intestine -> back to liver
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B-complex vitamin
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group of water-soluble vitamins essential for nutrition
includes: thiamine - riboflavin - pyridoxine - niacin - biotin - cyanocobalamin |
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atorvastatin
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AKA: Lipitor
CLASS: HMG CoA reductase inhibitor ACTION: slows biosynthesis f cholesterol - blocks rate-limiting enzyme (HMG CoA reductase)which availablity of LDL and VLDL - up-regulates LDL receptors in liver A/E: GI complaints - liver damage - birth defects |
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
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cholestyramine
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AKA: Questran
CLASS: bile acid-binding agent ACTION: bind bile acids (containing ^ levels of cholesterol) - increases excretion of cholesterol as it cannot be reabsorbed A/E: |
bile acid-binding agent
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gemfibrozil
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AKA: Lopid
CLASS: fibric acid agent ACTION:lower VLDLs A/E: gallstones - affect liver function - GI problems |
fibric acid agent
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Cholesterol is the most common type of lipid, accounting for about 90% of all lipids in the body.
TRUE or FALSE |
FALSE
Triglycerides are the major storage form of fat in the body and the only type of lipid that serves as an important energy source. They account for 90% of total lipids. p276 |
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The steroids are a diverse group of lipids, having a common chemical group called the cholesterol nucleus or ring.
TRUE or FALSE |
FALSE
The third class of lipids is the steroids, a diverse group of substances having a common chemical group called the STEROL NUCLEUS or ring. p276 |
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Dietary cholesterol can only be obtained from animal food products.
TRUE or FALSE |
TRUE
p276 |
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Lipoprotein (a) has been strongly associated with plaque formation and heart disease.
TRUE or FALSE |
TRUE
p279 |
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Nutrionists recommend that dietary fat account for less than 10% of the total caloric intake.
TRUE or FALSE |
FALSE
Nutritionists recommend that the intake of dietary fat be less than 30% of the total caloric intake. p280 |
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The three basic types of lipids are 1_____, 2_____, and 3_____.
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1 HDL
2 LDL 3 VLDL |
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Lipoproteins consist of various amounts of 1_____, 2_____, and 3_____, along with a protein carrier.
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1 steroids/cholesterol
2 triglycerides 3 phopholipids |
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HMG CoA reductase serves as the primary regulatory enzyme for the biosynthesis of:
a. cholesterol b. steroid hormones c. triglycerides d. HDL |
a. cholesterol
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Maximum effects from atorvastatin (Lipitor) take _____ to achieve.
a. 4 go 8 weeks b. 2 weeks c. 4 to 8 weeks d. 3 to 4 months |
c. 4 to 8 weeks
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding cholestyramine (Questran)?
a. It is not absorbed or metabolized once it enters the intestine. b. It acts by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. c. Its most frequent side effects are constipation, bloating, gas and nausea. d. It should not be taken at the same time as other medications. |
b. It acts by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Which of the following should be taken separately from other mediactions, since it may interfere with drug absorption?
a. nicotinic acid b. gemfibrozil (Lopid) c. cholestyramine (Questran) d. fluvastatin (Lescol) |
c. cholestyramine (Questran)
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