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Active Water Table
A condition in which the zone of soil saturation fluctuates, resulting in periodic anaerobic soil conditions. Soils with an active water table often contain bright mottles and matrix chromas of 2 or less.
Aerenchymous Tissue
A type of plant tissue in which cells are unusually large and arranged in a manner that results in air spaces in the plant organ. Such tissues are often referred to as spongy and usually provide increased buoyancy.
Aquatic Roots
Roots that develop on stems above the normal position occupied by roots in response to prolonged inundation.
Aquic Moisture Regime
A mostly reducing soil moisture regime virtually free of dissolved oxygen due to saturation by ground water or its capillary fringe and occurring at periods when the soil temperature at 19.7 in. is greater than 5 degrees Celsius.
Arched roots
Roots produced on plant stems in a position above the normal position of roots, which serve to brace the plant during and following periods of prolonged inundation
Backwater flooding
Situations in which the source of inundation is overbank flooding from a nearby stream.
Basal area
The cross-sectional area of a tree trunk measured in square inches, square centimetres, etc. Basal area is normally measured at 4.5 ft above the ground level and is used as a measure of dominance. The most easily used tool for measuring basal area is a tape marked in square inches. When plotless methods are used, an angle gauge or prism will provide a means for rapidly determining basal area. This term is also applicable to the crosssectional area of a clumped herbaceous plant, measured at 1.0 in. above the soil surface
Buried soil
A once-exposed soil now covered by an alluvial, loessal, or other deposit (includingman-made).
Canopy layer
The uppermost layer of vegetation in a plant community. In forested areas, mature trees comprise the canopy layer, while the tallest herbaceous species constitute the canopy layer in a marsh.
Capillary fringe
A zone immediately above the water table (zero gauge pressure) in which water is drawn upward from the water table by capillary action
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