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1.1: The Nature of Chemistry
-Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. It is also a process for acquiring knowledge.
-Chemistry involves both experimenting in the macroscopic world and theorizing about the microscopic world.
-The interplay between empirical knowledge and theoretical knowledge is critical in the study of Chemistry.
-The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) sets rules and standards for chemists worldwide.
1.2: Atomic Structure
Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space
Philosophers
Democritus: matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms
Vs.
Aristotle: all matter is made up of four elements (earth, fire, air, water)
Atom: the smallest particle of an element
Element: a pure substance consisting of one type of atom
Philosophy and Science
Philosophers come up with their ideas based on intuition and reason
Scientists come up with their ideas through experimentation using tools and technology
Alchemists explored the nature of matter intensely and made many technological advances
Dalton's Atomic theory
Dalton's atomic theory was based on the experimental work of many other scientists who used instruments that were invented to precisely measure mass and volume:
- all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms
- all atoms of an element are identical
- atoms of different elements are different
- atoms are rearranged to form new substances in chemical reactions, but they are never created or destroyed
Dalton's model: Billiard Ball (atoms is a featureless sphere)
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