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Art Deco
Defended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to upgrade industrial design as a "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.
Art Nouveau
French "new art". A late-19th and early 20th century art movement whose proponents tried to synthesize all the arts in an effort to create articles based on natural forms that could be massed produced by technologies of the industrial age.
Avant-garde
French "advance gaurd" (in a platoon) late 19th and early 20th century artists who emphasized innovation and challenged established convention in their work. Also used as an adjective.
Bauhaus
A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design.
Calotype
From the Greek kalos, "Beautiful". A photographic process in which a positive image is made by shining light through a negative image onto a sheet of sensitized paper
Cubism
A early 20th century art movement that rejected naturalistic depictions, preferring compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from the conventionally perceived world.
Dada
A early 20th century art movement prompted by a revulsion against the horror of World War 1. Dada embraced political anarchy, the irrational, and the intuitive. A disdain for convention, often enlivened by humor or whimsy, is a characteristic of the art of the Dadaists produced.
daguerreotype
A photograph made by an early method on a plate of chemically treated metal; developed by Louis J. M. Daguerro.
De stijl
Dutch "The style" An Early 20th century art movement founded by Piet Mondrian and Theo Van Doesburg, whose members promoted utopian ideals and developed a simplified geometric system.
Expressionism
20th century art that is the result of the artist's unique inner of personal vision and that often has an emotional dimension. Expressionism contrasts with art focused on visually describing the empirical world.
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