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Define the internal energy, enthalpy and entropy
Energy: Sum of all the energy at the microscopic level (translational, rotational, vibrational, nuclear)
Enthalpy: Energy + Work on system
i.e. DeltaH = DeltaU + PDeltaV
Entropy: Measure of disorder
i.e. DeltaS(sys) = Delta
Classify a process as spontaneous or not in terms of the total entropy change of the universe
Second law of thermodynamics: Change in entropy in the universe must increase for a spontaneous reaction
Explain phase stability in terms of the Gibbs energy
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Use a binary phase diagram to determine the following for a given overall composition and temperature: what phases are present, the composition of each phase, the amount of each phase
Contrast the amount of a phase in a system with the composition of that phase
Derive the lever rule for determining the amount of a phase present within a two-phase region
Given a balanced chemical reacction, define the reaction quotient Q
Describe how the reaction quotient is named the equilibrium constant when all concentrations are at equilibrium
Explain why the concentrations of the condensed phases are not included in the equilibrium constant
Summarize how the Gibbs energy of mixing leads to a minimum Gibbs energy between reactants and products
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