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Case studies
An approach to research where one studies an individual person in great detail. This strategy commonly is associated with clinical research, that is, research conducted by a therapist in the course of in-depth experiences with a client.
Correlational coefficient
A numerical index that summarises the degree to which two variables are related linearly.
Correlational research
An approach to research in which existing individual differences are measured and related to one another, rather than being manipulated as in experimental research.
Demand characteristics
Cues that are implicit (hidden) in the experimental setting and influence the subject's behaviour.
Electroencephalography
(EEG) A method for recording electrical activity in the brain. The recordings are made through electrodes placed on the scalp.
Experimental research
An approach to research in which the experimenter manipulates a variable of interest, usually by assigning different research participants, at random, to different experimental conditions.
Experimenter expectancy effects
Unintended experimenter effects involving behaviours that lead subjects to respond in accordance with the experimenter's hypothesis.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) A method for depicting brain activity while a person carries out different tasks that is based on the fact that blood flow to different areas of the brain fluctuates as those brain areas become active during task performance.
Idiographic (strategies)
Strategies of assessment and research in which the primary goal is to obtain a portrait of the potentially unique, idiosyncratic individual.
L-data
Life record data or information concerning the person that can be obtained from the person's life history or life record.
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