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Describe a solid
-Strong forces of attraction between particles
-Have a fixed pattern (lattice)
-Atoms vibrate but can't change position therefore fixed volume and shape.
Describe a liquid
-Weaker attractive forces than solids
-No fixed pattern, liquids take up the shape of their container but have a fixed volume
-Particles slide past each other
Describe a gas
-Almost no intermolecular forces
-Particles are far apart, and move quickly
-They collide with each other and bounce in all directions
Describe diffusion
The process in which particles mix/spread by colliding randomly with each other, and bouncing off in all directions.
Evidence for diffusion in liquids
Potassium Manganate (Vll) in a beaker of water.
Evidence for diffusion in gases
A gas jar of air and a gas jar of bromine are connected, the bromine travels up the tube.
Factors that affect the rate of diffusion
-Temperature increases -> rate of diffusion increases.
-Particle mass decreases -> rate of diffusion increases .
-Dissolving can be sped up by stirring.
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