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After the Crusade
Godfrey = Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre (King)
Bohemond = Antioch
Baldwin = Edessa
Raymond = Tripoli
Muslims lack unity and fear the undefeated christians meaning the states flourish.
Many people travel to the Holy lands to earn fame and fortune
Templars
Set up by Hugh of Payens and supported by St. Bernard. Purpose is to protect pilgrims but they also end up attacking muslims
They receive lots of monetary support and build huge fortresses.
Very pious - chastity, lots of meditation etc.
Obedient only to the pope and feared by muslims for their brutality.
The Hospitallers
Knights of St. John
Originally began in a hospital in Jerusalem before the 1st crusade.
Less strict than templars
Originally set up to protect pilgrims but ended up as shock assault troops against muslims
Assassins
Set up by as'Sabah and are shiite extremists.
They kill Balak who had imprisoned the King of Jerusalem.
Believed in an idea of communism (kind of) and they committed suicide attacks on enemies.
Purify islam by killing all Sunnis or Shiites who associate with them but worked with Crusaders
Beirut
Crusaders invade Beirut and slaughter every muslim because of their resistance to the siege.
It is outrageous and news of it spreads across the land.
Arabs everywhere outraged and mourning.
Refugees demand a moslem army raised to take back the Holy land - a Jihad
Zengi
Leader of the Jihad - Slave-born Turkish Prince of Mosul who rose to power by crushing an uprising by the Baghdad Caliph
Cruel and inspires fear - pious but a drunkard
Charismatic Preacher and is seen as the 'Mahdi' (Redeemer)
Siege of Montferrand
1137-
Attacks King Fulk and surrounds him at the Castle of Montferrand, Tripoli and starves him out
Fulk manages to call for support from BE and a large army on its way (Crusaders don't know this)
Zengi sees an army coming and negotiates surrender terms and gets 50,000.
Huge success for Zengi as BE would have destroyed him.
Siege of Edessa
Wants Damascus but they ally with Franks to prevent this (Fear of Zengi) so he targets Edessa.
1144 - Joscelin leaves Edessa on a mission so Zengi attacks the defenceless city.
No mercenaries in the city as Archbishop Hugo didn't pay them. Raymond refuses to help (Joscelin had offended him)
Tunnels dug under walls and exploded, walls collapse - every latin christian Slaughtered
Ali Al-Sulami
Kitab al-Jihad ("Book of the Holy War")
"Give precedence to jihad of yourselves over jihad of your enemies"
Call of the Second Crusade
Fall of Odessa leads to Pope Eugenius III's call (Vatican had been taken by peasants) from Piza.
His plea fails in a decadent Europe.
St. Bernard is an ascetic (disciplined) and an incredible preacher and he pitches the Crusade at Burgundy - He is very successful
Louis joins after he accidentally kills peasants
Conrad joins believing it will unite his kingdom.
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