term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
Please sign in to your Google account to access your documents:
What is the use of recombinant DNA technology?
- allows genes to be manipulated/altered/transferred between organisms
- understand how organisms work
- design new industrial processes
How can recombinant DNA technology be used to cure human diseases?
- due to inability to produce metabolic chemicals e.g insulin
- prev. treatment=extract animal/human donor
- problem with rejection by immune system
- technique developed=isolate/clone/transfer genes to microorganisms
- grown=factory for continuous production of desired protein
What is recombinant DNA?
- two different organisms' DNA that have been combined
- results in transgenic/genetically modified organism (GMO)
What are the applications of 'genetic engineering'?
- producing insulin from bacteria
- bananas with hepatitis B antigen (vaccine)
What is cloning?
- making multiple genetically identical copies of a DNA molecules
What are the stages of making a protein using recombinant DNA technology?
Isolation: of DNA fragments that have desired gene
Insertion: DNA fragment into vector
Transformation: transfer DNA into suitable host cell
Identification: Find host cells that have taken up gene using gene markers
Growth/Cloning: of host cells
What methods are there for producing DNA fragments for the isolation stage?
- conversion of mRNA to cDNA using reverse transcriptase
- using restriction endonucleases to cut out desired gene
- create gene in machine based on known protein structure
How do you produce a DNA fragment using reverse transcriptase?
- in host cell: reverse transcriptase catalyses production of cDNA from mRNA
- single strand complementary DNA to double strand using DNA polymerase
What are the advantages of using cDNA in genetic engineering?
- no introns to remove
- specific unlike the genome
- cells have large quantities of mRNA=easily extracted
What are restriction endonucleases?
- produce enzymes that cut viral DNA=restriction endonucleases
Need help typing ? See our FAQ (opens in new window)
Please sign in to create this set. We'll bring you back here when you are done.
Discard Changes Sign in
Please sign in to add to folders.
Sign in
Don't have an account? Sign Up »
You have created 2 folders. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders!