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Perception-behaviour link
Holland et al. 2005:
- completed questionnaire in booth with/without cleaner scent
- ate crumbly biscuit at desk
- prime = kept desk much more clean
Heuristics
- Representativeness
- Availability
Causes of Overconfidence
- Self-serving bias: Sweeney et al. 2006 >pessism right before getting exam results > prepare for bad outcome
- Illusory thinking: like to make sense out of random events > Langer 1977: sold lottery ticket for more if it was them that picked the numbers
- Mood (see more positive behaviors in self when in good mood)
Attribution Theory
- analyses how we explain the behaviour of others
- attribute to either internal (dispositional attribution) or external causes (situational)
- tend to overestimate importance of person
Covariation theory
Kelly 1967:
Based off consistency/distinctiveness and consensus
Yes to all = situation
No to all = Person
eg. Nic can't get computer to work
Fundamental Attribution error
- underestimate importance of situation
- overestimate importance of person
eg. Jones and Harris (1967)
Ps told that readers chose or were assigned position to take (Anti or Pro castro) > even when Ps told they were assigned position > Ps still attribute attitude to person
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