term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
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compartmentalization
-allows incompatible reactions to coexist in a single cell by confining them to membrane enclosed compartment
membrane organelles
-nucleus, ER, golgi, lysosomes, endosomes, and mitochondria
endosomes
sort endocytosed material
-often sent to lysosome and degraded but also allows some stuff to be recycled back (e.g. receptors)
lysosomes
intracellular degredation
-contains hydrolytic enzymes and H+ pump
coated vesicles
-vesicle budding is driven by the assembly of a protein coat
-adaptin and then clathrin bind to receptors that have bound the cargo molecules
-clathrin forces vesicle to bud by deformation of the membrane
-dynamin pinches off the vesicle
-once pinched, coat dissociates
SNAREs
-enables appropriate docking and fusion
-v-snares on the vesicle find their appropriate t-snare and fuse at desired compartment
sorting endogenous proteins
-most often organelle proteins are translated in the cytosol and transported into the organelle where they function
-signal sequences guide proteins to their appropriate location
-e.g. nuclear proteins carry Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) that direct them through the gated nuclear pores; mitochondrial proteins are translated in cytosol and actively transported; ribosomes are directed to the ER by ER signal sequence and SRP
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