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Albert Bandura
Jerome Bruner
John Dewey
Jean Piaget
4 Stages of Cognitive Development: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period.
Lev Vygotsky
-Social Development Theory: This theory suggests that social interaction leads to continuous step-by-step changes in children's thought and behavior that can vary greatly from culture to culture
-Zone of Proximal Development: students learn best in a social context in which a more able adult of peer teacher the student something he or she could not learn on his or her own
Lawrence Kohlberg
Theory of Moral Development
1. Preconvential (0-9): Obedience inspired by punishment
2. Conventional: approval of others and meeting obligations
3. Post Conventional: social mutuality and interest in the welfare of others
Benjamin Bloom
Bloom's Taxonomy: is often used by teachers as a hierarchical guide for developing objectives to address lower- and higher-order thinking skills.
Cognitive Domain (academic and school learning)
1. Remembering: rote memorization of specific information
2. Understanding: explaining information in one’s own words
3. Applying: using information in a particular situation
4. Analyzing: examining the various parts of information
5. Evaluating: appraising information or data·
6. Creating: constructing something unique by combining information
Edward Throndike
Connectionism: Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses. Such associations or "habits" become strengthened or weakened by the nature and frequency of the S-R pairings
John B. Watson
Behaviorism: Perspective in which learning and behavior are described and explained in terms on stimulus and response relationships
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs: Students have to satisfy certain basic needs before they can satisfy higher needs.
1. Physiological Needs: Hunger, thirst, sleep (5th)
2. Safety Needs: Ensuring survival, safe place to learn (4th)
3. Love and Belonging Needs: Security, affection, attention from others (3rd)
4. Esteem Needs: Feeling good about one's self (2nd)
5. Self-Actualization: Realization of one's potential (1st)
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