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What made Charles embark on Personal Rule in 1629?
The collapse in the relationship between the king and Political Nation, as well as Charles' belief in his own divine right to rule.
Which institution filled the void of Parliament?
The Privy Council gained even greater importance; but there was a distinction between the Council and those in even closer confidence who dominated the committee.
Who were the closest advisers of Charles?
Sir Richard Weston and William Laud and William Juxon in the Privy Council.
What was the Star Chamber?
One of the prerogative courts to enforce Charles' will; it was made up of privy councillors selected by the monarch whereby secret cases could be held.
What was the Court of High Commission?
The other prerogative court, the chief one used by Laud to enforce church conformity. If a defendant was found guilty, they were sentenced by the Star Chamber, of which Laud was also a member.
How much was Crown debt in 1629?
£2 million.
How were savings achieved?
-Securing peace with France (Susa, 1629) and Spain (Madrid, 1630)
-Weston's reform of court finance in order to lower the costs of running Charles' court
What was the reaction to withdrawal from the Thirty Years War?
There were negative political consequences and it sat uncomfortably with many, particularly Puritans, who regarded the destruction of Catholicism as a crusade.
List the forms of prerogative income Charles used through royal preogative
-Customs duties (including tonnage & poundage)
-Feudal dues (including wardship)
-Monopolies
-Redundancy fines
-Distraint of knighthood
-Forest fines
-Land titles
What does fiscal feudalism mean?
Used to describe the methods of prerogative income by Charles. The feudal power of the Crown was moderated over time by Parliament, but the Crown's prerogative forms of income still derived from feudalism.
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