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What is biotransformation in drug metabolism in liver?
Combination of phase 1 & phase 2 reactions
Describe what happens in a phase 1 reaction
Either reduction, oxidation or hydrolysis. The products are often more toxic and reactive than reactants
What occurs in a phase 2 reaction?
Conjugation of a water-soluble group (like gluconoride) to a drug. Products end up being more soluble & less toxic than reactants
Why is there genetic variation in drug metabolism?
Due to different versions of cytochrome C450 being expressed
How does the liver process drugs?
Liver transfers drugs from plasma to bile. Bile → gall bladder → duodenum → drug reabsorbed into blood, if not lost in faecal excretion
How does the kidney process drugs?
Filtered by glomerulus
Differences in reabsorption between lipid-soluble/water-soluble drugs?
Lipid-soluble drugs more likely to be reabsorbed, water-soluble more likely to be excreted
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