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Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
15th - 16th Century (1466-1536)
Leading Xian Humanist of the Reformation era
Prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament
Sought to reform Catholic abuses from the inside.
Publicly broke with Luther in his "Diatribe on Free Will in 1524
Martin Luther
15th - 16th Century (1483-1546)
Father of Reformation
95 theses @ Wittenburg 1517
Excommunicated @ Diet of Worms 1521
Consubstantiation view of the Lord's Supper
Ulrich Zwingli
15th - 16th Century (1484-1531)
Swiss Reformer
Disagreed with Luther on whether we may do what the Bible does not forbid (he thought no)
Held to a memorial view of the Lord's Supper
William Tyndale
15th - 16th Century (1494-1536)
Translated NT into English using Greek, Vulgate, Luther's translation.
Translated a large portion of OT using Hebrew, Vulgate, Septuagint, Luther's translation
King James 90% work of Tyndale
Wrote The Parable of Wicked Mammon which affirmed justification by faith alone.
Martyred in 1536
Girolamo Savonarola
15th Century (1452–1498)
Italian Dominican friar & reformer & preacher active in Renaissance Florence
known for his prophecies of civic glory, destruction of secular art and culture, and calls for Christian renewal
1498 - condemned, hanged, and burned in the main square of Florence, ashes dumped in Arno river.
Philip Melanchthon
15th - 16th Century (1497-1560)
Associate of Luther (a refining influence on Luther's coursness)
Wrote Augsburg Confession
Shifted towards Calvin's view of the supper
John Calvin
16th Century (1509-1564)
born in France
humanist lawyer, broke from Roman Catholic Church around 1530
Fled to Switzerland, recruited to Geneva by William Farel
Served as a pastor in Geneva, expelled,
Spent time pastoring in Strasbourg at invitation of Martin Bucer
Returned to Geneva 3 years later.
Had major effect on organization and expression of Reformed Theology.
Published his Institutes first in 1536, final in 1559
Martin Bucer
15th - 16th Century (1491-1551)
Reformer based in Strasbourg who influenced Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican doctrines and practices.
Originally a Dominican had his vows annulled after meeting Luther.
Acted as a mediator between Luther & Zwinglli
Sought agreement on common articles of faith
Exiled to England influenced the second revision of the Book of Common Prayer. (guided by Thomas Cranmer)
Thomas Cranmer
15th - 16th Century (1489 – 1556)
a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time, Mary I.
helped build the case for the annulment of Henry's marriage
Established the first doctrinal and liturgical structures of the reformed Church of England.
Wrote and compiled the first two editions of the Book of Common Prayer
After the accession of the Mary I (Catholic), Cranmer was put on trial for treason & heresy.
Imprisoned for over two years, made several recantations. However, on the day of his execution, he withdrew his recantations
John Knox
16th Century (1515 - 1572)
Offered the Bishopric of Rochester - refused
Fled to the Continent when Mary Stuart ascended as queen of the Scots. Came under Calvin's influence.
Returned to Scotland in 1559, became leader of the Scots reformation.
Helped draft Scots Confession of Faith & Book of disciplines.
Remembered as the founder of Presbyterianism
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