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what are complications in sex determination? (3)
1. Individual variation (gracile males or robust females)
2.Age (older individuals show less variation in sex characteristics)
3. Subadult sexing
In the skull what are the 5 sex determination areas?
1) Nuchal crest
2) Mastoid Process
3) Supraorbital Margin
4)Supraorbital Ridge
5)Mental Eminence
What are the 5 post-cranial sex determination places? Are they secondary?
1) Greater Sciatic Notch (Secondary)
2) Ventral Arc
3)Subpubic Concavity
4) Medial aspect of the ischippubic ramus
5) Pre-auricular sulcus
Characteristics of an asian skull? (4)
1. Narrow, concave nasal bones
2. Prominent cheek bones
3. circular orbits
4. shovel shaped incisors
Characteristics of an African skull? (5)
1. Wide interorbital distances
2. Rectangular orbits
3. Broad nasal apertures
4. Gracile cranial superstructures
5. pronounced total facial and aveolar prognathism
Characteristics of a Caucasian skull ? (5)
1. orbits shaped like aviator glasses
2. Receding cheek bones
3. Heavy glabellar and supraorbital regions
4. large prominent nasal bones
5. narrow nasal apertures
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