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Which neurotransmitter activates spinal cord pattern generators?
Dopamine
Stimulation of which region elicits walking behaviour in cats?
Mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR)
When do signals from MLR go?
Signals from MLR are projected and processed by the Medial Reticular Formation (MRF) then travel to Spinal Cord
Where do signals determining movement/walking speed come from?
Higher mechanisms like brainstem to start & maintain locomotive patterns
(Both MLR & MRF are in brainstem)
Strength of these signals determined walking speed
How might spinal cord pattern generators be realized?
Reciprocal inhibition
Graham Brown suggested spinal cord 'half-centers'
- Each side of spinal cord has set of mutually inhibitory connections between extensor & flexor neurons (reciprocal inhibition)
- Afferent fibre from flexor neuron (Flexion Reflex Afferent - FRA) of ipsilateral leg has excitatory projections to the flexor neuron. This maintains and strengthens contraction & inhibits the extensor
- FRA of contralateral flexor activates antagonistic extensor neuron, providing an oscillatory locomotion pattern
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