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What is diffusion?
The spreading of particles of a substance insolution or a gas which results in a movement from a regionwhere there is a higher concentration to one where there is a lower concentration
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion
Where is diffusion used in the body?
Dissolved substances move into and out of cells by diffusion
Oxygen required for respiration passes through cell membranes by diffusion
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentratedsolution through a partially permeable membrane
Differences in the concentrations of the solutions inside and outside acell cause water to move into or out of the cell by osmosis
What are the terms associated with diffusion and osmosis?
Isotonic - solution of osmotic pressure is equal to another solution
Hypotonic - less osmotic pressure in one solution than another
Hypertonic - higher osmotic pressure in one solution than the other
Turgid - cell is filled with water; it is firm
Flaccid - cell is floppy and wilting
Plasmolysis - cell membrane wilts due to lack of water
Cytoclosis - the process of which cells gain water in a hypotonic solution
What is active transport?
When substances are absorbed against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration
It enables plants to absorb ions from very dilute solutions
Sugar may be absorbed from low concentrations in the intestine and the kidney tubules
A single-celled organism has a relatively large surface area to volume ratio
All the necessary exchanges occur via its surface membrane
The size and complexity of an organism increase the difficulty of exchanging materials
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