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Types of Metal Alloys
Ferrous and Nonferrous
Types of Ferrous Alloys
Iron based:
Steels and Cast Irons
Steels
<1.4 wt% C
Low Alloys and High Alloys
increasing strength decreases ductility
Low Alloy, Low Carbon Steels
<0.25 wt% C
plain: (auto structural sheets)
HSLA: additions are Cr, V, Ni, and Mo (bridges, towers)
Low Alloy, Medium Carbon Steels
0.25-0.6 wt% C
plain: (crank shafts, bolts)
heat treatable: additions are Cr, Ni, Mo (pistons, gears)
Low Alloy, High Carbon Steels
0.6-1.4 wt%
tool: additional are Cr, V, Mo, W (drills, saws, dies)
High Alloy
stainless steel: additions are Cr, Ni, and Mo (high temperature applications, very corrosion resistant)
Refinement of Steel from Ore
coke, limestone, and iron ore goes into blast furnace and molten iron comes out
(1) heat generation
(2) reduction of iron ore to metal
(3) purification
Cast Irons
-Ferrous Alloys with >2.1 wt% C (3-4.5)
-Low melting - relatively easy to cast
-generally brittle
-cementite=ferrite+graphite (general a slow process)
Types of Cast Iron
Gray Iron, Ductile Iron, White Iron, Malleable Iron, Compacted Graphite Iron
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