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Fears of a female ruler
unable to control faction
unable to lead army into battle
expected to be married - subservient
marry English → fan dominate court
marry foreigner → foreigners dominate, dragged into wars
Why Phillip?
powerful → protect?
England closer to Habsburgs - Charles V was Catherine's nephew
The marriage
Happened a year after she came to throne
Phillip spent more time abroad
Marriage Treaty 1554
approved by parliament '54
son would only inherit England
no title of 'King' + queen in charge of offices, land and revenues
foreigners could not hold office in England
uphold English laws
can't take queen or kids out Eng w/o permission
England uphold treaties with Netherlands
Aid Netherlands if they invaded by France
Was Wyatt's rebellion bc of marriage?
feared losing influence +
replacement by Spaniards
Wyatt - committed to Protestantism
Others - links to reformed religion
→ Sir James Croft
→ Sir Pater Carew
Why was the rebellion serious?
3000 men raised
royal force sent under the Duke of Norfolk to confront rebels, but they deserted and joined
What did Mary do?
Rebels neared London + Mary refused to leave
Wyatt surrendered at Ludgate - in London
Executed only 100 commoners - not a threat, or preventing further unrest?
Grey + husband, Wyatt - executed
Croft imprisoned
Carew fled to France
Problems of faction in government
divisions within the Privy Council
disputes over specific issues e.g. revival of heresy laws
size of Mary's council - ineffective
Mary's decision to marry Phillip
→Earl of Devon supported by Gardiner
→Phillip supported by Paget
Solutions of faction/instability in gov
Rare for councillors to meet together - average size of gatherings was small
1554 committees - excluded casual councillors
1555 'Inner Council'
1555 - Phillip's departure, death of Gardiner → Paget dominated
Unstable monarchy 1547-1558
Somerset sexed power through manipulating Henry's will
government under Somerset - through his home
Somerset's overthrow 1549 - instability
Northumberland VS Catholic faction
Wyatt
Stable monarchy 1547-1558
legitimate monarch always triumphed
crown passed peacefully
gov continued even through faction struggles
Henry VIII's will upheld
Somerset's attempted coup - short-lived
Grey only queen for 9 days
ruling elite supported rightful monarch
Takeaways
emergence of Northumberland as Lord President bright stability and order
crisis of removing Somerset was short-lived
Mary's triumph was due to her legitimacy, not religion - even Protestants supported her
Mary's rule
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