term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
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Health
Has MANY dimensions to it as it varies across cultures (ex: what is depression in one culture is seen as witchcraft in another, a healthy weight for a man may not be the same as a woman, etc).
- According to WHO, it is "a state of complete social, psychological, and physical well-being"
Disease
- An alteration of physiology such that the function of a given physiological system is compromised
- More or less "objective" measure of health that can be used cross-culturally"
ex: injury, infection, malnutrition, genetic, chronic, etc.
Illness
- Subjective experience of symptoms and suffering, moving changes in behaviour to alleviate the discomfort
- Informed by cultural contexts that provide ways of thinking about and understanding what we are feeling, so there are culturally specific and appropriate ways of being ill and expressing that experience
Sickness
Sometimes squared with disease, illness or both but has a sociological meaning as well (see sick role)
Sick role
Coins by Parsons.
- A socially recognized set of different expectations for individuals with a socially recognized disease or illness
- Someone else has to recognize that one has a disease for someone to be "sick" or have "sickness"
- In sick role, distinction between illness and disease is relevant because you need a healer to authentic a patients' claim to a sick role SO if the doctor says nothing is wrong but you still complain, the sick role may not be legit.
What was Arthur Kleinman known for distinguishing?
Illness from disease saying, "illness complaints are what patients and their families bring to the practitioner... disease is what the partitioner creates in the recasting of illness in terms of theories of disorder."
Arthur Kleinman
- A professor of psychiatry and medical anthropology
A consultant for WHO, working on global mental health issues and issues related to infectious diseased
What did Arthur Kleinman develop? Explain.
The explanatory model that reveals how people make sense of their illness and provides a framework whereby social science researchers and healthcare providers engage with participants/patients in comprehensively understanding their lived illness experience.
Often used to explain how people view their illness in terms of how it happens, what causes it, how it affects them, and what will make them feel better.
Susan Sontag
Wrote Illness as Metaphor --> discussed ways in which cancer is seen as mysterious and generates fear, such that patients may be "shunned by relatives and friends and are the object of practices of decontamination by members of their household (as if cancer is like the infectious TB).
Cancer patient may not wish to take on the sick role because they're scared of being stigmatized.
Nancy Scheper-Hughes & Margaret Locke
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